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Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases. NAMES TO KNOW.

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases

  2. NAMES TO KNOW Acid: A solution that has an excess of H+ ions. It comes from the Latin word acidus that means "sharp" or "sour". The adjective form is “acidic.”Base: A solution that has an excess of OH- ions. Another word for base is alkali. You can also use “alkilinity” as a noun for describing how basic something is or “alkiline” as an adjective. Aqueous: A solution that is mainly water. Think about the word aquarium. AQUA means water. • Water dissociation formula: H+ +   OH-    H2O • Acids taste sour, are corrosive to metals, change litmus (a dye extracted from lichens) red, and become less acidic when mixed with bases. • Bases feel slippery, change litmus blue, and become less basic when mixed with acids.

  3. Simply…

  4. Strong Acid: An acid that has a very low pH (0-4).Strong Base: A base that has a very high pH (10-14). Weak Acid: An acid that only partially ionizes in an aqueous solution. That means not every molecule breaks apart. They usually have a pH close to 7 (3-6). Weak Base: A base that only partially ionizes in an aqueous solution. That means not every molecule breaks apart. They usually have a pH close to 7 (8-10). Neutral: A solution that has a pH of 7. It is neither acidic nor basic.

  5. pH = -log [H+]Note: concentration is commonly abbreviated by using square brackets, thus [H+] = hydrogen ion concentration.  When measuring pH, [H+] is in units of moles of H+ per liter of solution.

  6. HCl  H+(aq)  +  Cl-(aq)NaOH  Na+(aq)  +  OH-(aq)

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