1 / 27

Chapter 15

Chapter 15. American Pageant ***** M. Carter. Religion. Second Great Awakening. Religious Revival Frontier (West) Created a community feeling for frontiersmen Women, especially, took to the revivals Furthered life in the West & the home New Denominations Presbyterians (Scots-Irish)

lorene
Download Presentation

Chapter 15

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 15 American Pageant ***** M. Carter

  2. Religion

  3. Second Great Awakening

  4. Religious Revival • Frontier (West) • Created a community feeling for frontiersmen • Women, especially, took to the revivals • Furthered life in the West & the home • New Denominations • Presbyterians (Scots-Irish) • Baptists • Methodists

  5. Preached equality before God • Regardless of social class, education, or wealth • Frontiersmen were less interested in being preached to from educated NE (traditional) preachers---- instead they heard from illiterate, self-made preachers who made a pulpit from a tree stump and “lit the world on fire” (Tindall, 497).

  6. The “camp meeting” Held in late summer or early fall when the farm work was the lightest People came from long distances to “camp” Thousands came to listen Numerous preachers at once = chaotic Provided social setting

  7. Methodist “circuit-rider” “Circuit – riders” were Methodist preachers who traveled on horseback into the farthest reaches of the frontier to reach everyone & find “lost souls.”

  8. Mormons began in NY Founder: Joseph Smith, Jr. Began his own church @ 24 Founded in 1830 Palmyra, New York Mormons moved from NY to Ohio, then to Missouri and finally to Illinois Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

  9. Mormon trek from Illinois to Utah

  10. Joseph Smith accused of polygamy, arrested and assassinated in 1844 • Brigham Young succeeded Smith as leader of Mormons. Led Mormons to Salt Lake City, Utah (Mexico at the time)- 1847 • Today it is the fastest growing religion in the world • Over 9 million Mormons live in Utah

  11. Transcendentalism Emerson Thoreau

  12. Transcendalism • Drew inspiration from Immanuel Kant (German) • Moralism • Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Nathaniel Hawthorne (Transcendentalism Club)

  13. Emerson • Wrote & lectured about optimism, self-reliance and an individual’s unlimited potential • Left the Unitarian Church (“cold and cheerless”) • “determined to transcend the limitations of inherited conventions and rationalism in order to penetrate the inner recesses of self” (Tindall, 504). • Put aside their awe of Europe and fall in love with their own world

  14. Ralph Waldo Emerson • Self-Reliance (1841) • “…Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind.” • “…It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own, but the great man is he who in the midst of a crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.”

  15. Henry David Thoreau • Practiced self-reliance • Friend of Emerson’s • Attended Harvard, taught but was dismissed for refusing to cane students • Worked with father (making pencils) • Unhappy- not interested in the quest for $$, rather than happiness “The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation.” • Built a cabin in the woods and embarked on an experiment beginning July 1845 (Walden Pond)

  16. Henry David Thoreau • Walden Pond • “…I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.” (1854) • Believed the Mexican War was unjust and a ploy to advance slavery- refused to pay his taxes which resulted in jail time. Wrote the following essay • Civil Disobedience, 1849 • “If the law is of such a nature that it requires you to be an agent of injustice to another, then, I say, break the law…”

  17. Literature • Nathaniel Hawthorne- The Scarlet Letter • Emily Dickinson- poet • Washington Irving- The Legend of Sleepy Hollow • James Fenimore Cooper- Last of the Mohicans • Edgar Allan Poe- The Tell- Tale Heart • Herman Melville- Moby Dick • Walt Whitman- Leaves of Grass

  18. Papers & Magazines • Increased production of “dailies” (daily papers) • Penny Papers • Major newspapers • New York Tribune • New York Herald • Newspaper Publishers • Joseph Pulitzer • William Randolph Hearst • Magazines • Harper’s Weekly(1850-Present)

  19. Reform Movements

  20. Temperance • Most widespread • Arguments for: • Religious • Ill physical effects (more dangerous for workforce) • Connections between drinking and poverty • Suffering of women and children as a result of alcohol “Drink is the prolific source (directly or indirectly) of nearly all the ills that afflict the human family.” ---Sons of Temperance pamphlet

  21. American Society for the Promotion of Temperance began in Boston (1826) by a group of ministers. • American Temperance Union formed in 1833 in Philadelphia • Internal conflict among organizations about whether they were calling for moderation or absolute abstinence. Also, they whether they were concerned with liquor only or all spirits (wine, beer, cider)

  22. Purists- absolutists- wanted legislation banning the traffic of spirits (“Demon Run”) • Moderates- chose to abstain from the temperance movement rather than persuade people to avoid all alcoholic beverages. They favored persuasion and their focus was distilled spirits.

  23. Between 1830 and 1840 the New England states had enacted laws to restrict the ability to sell liquor, particularly to the poor (who were “less able to handle” their liquor). A few other states had similar laws. As time passed these laws were challenged and fell apart. • Dr. Benjamin Rush – 1784- began publishing documents about the ill effects of alcohol

  24. Education • Few states had schooling systems or laws regarding schools prior to the 1850s • “popular government presupposed a literate and informed electorate” • Led to the argument for FREE educations for all • A means of reform that would improve the “manners, lessen crime and poverty.” • Education = Total Reform

  25. Horace Mann- MA- school system as a way to “social stability and equal opportunities” • Evening classes began for those who could not attend during the day • Lyceum Movement- lecture series • Growth in library memberships (no all libraries were free) • Education for women beyond elementary school was not readily accepted (by men OR women)

  26. Prison/ Asylums • Public institutions dedicated to the treatment and cure of social ills which earlier had been deemed “places of last resort” • Solutions to problems of: poverty, crime, delinquency, insanity • Removed from society: needy, deviant with the attempt to make “whole” again • Problems of brutality and neglect were prevalent

  27. Dorothea Dix went into the prison system to instruct a Sunday school class at the East Cambridge House of Correction in 1841 • “I tell what I have seen, the present state of insane persons confined within the Commonwealth, in cages, closets, cellars, stalls, pens! Chains, naked, beaten with rods, and lashed into obedience!”

More Related