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THE ENGLISH

THE ENGLISH. CIVIL WAR. DO NOW: 11/26/12. In your notes, list the PROS and CONS of an absolute monarch such as Louis XIV of France. Think about the problems that might arise under an Absolute Monarch – List some. Absolute Monarch. Absolute Monarch = EXECUTED by Cromwell. Popular Ruler

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THE ENGLISH

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  1. THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR

  2. DO NOW: 11/26/12 • In your notes, list the PROS and CONS of an absolute monarch such as Louis XIV of France. • Think about the problems that might arise under an Absolute Monarch – List some.

  3. Absolute Monarch Absolute Monarch = EXECUTED by Cromwell Popular Ruler dies 1685 Abdicates in 1688 Constitutional Government! English Bill of Rights

  4. JAMES I – devoted to theory “Divine Right of Kings” – Absolutism • Went against Parliament – which controlled the $$ • HOUSE OF COMMONS – wanted more say in the government • CHARLES I – (James I’s son) – attempted to rule without Parliament (1629-1640) • 1640 – 1660- THE LONG PARLIAMENT -limited the power of the King  Parliament cannot be disolved

  5. PURITANS – increased dissatisfaction with the Church of England • Wanted to purify the Anglican Church of all Roman Catholic elements (pageantry) • James I and Charles I – showed they were highly sympathetic to Roman Catholicism • Tried to impose new religious elements in Scotland • “Book of Common Prayer” • Upset the Scots  Rebelled • Charles I was forced to Summon Parliament • Petition of Right – king cannot raise taxes, jail without legal justification. (IGNORED)

  6. CIVIL WAR ROUNDHEADS (OLIVER CROMWELL) CAVALIERS (CHARLES I) VS

  7. Execution of Charles I – Charged with Treason • COMMONWEALTH (republican form of Government • Theoretically: legislative power was in Parliament and executive power in a council of state • Reality: Oliver Cromwell and the military controlled the government – “Protectorate” – Military Dictatorship • Oliver Cromwell • Navigation Act: English Goods must be transported on English Ship • Cromwell died – 1658 – and his system of Governmnet died out

  8. CROMWELL • Restricted the freedom of Anglicans and Catholics • Enforced public Morality • Closing the theaters • Prohibited dancing • Required strict observance of the Sabbath • Welcomed Jews

  9. THE RESTORATION: 1660 • Restored the Monarchy with Charles II, eldest son of Charles I • Restored the Anglican Church • Harmony between Crown and Parliament

  10. Exit Ticket In your opinion, was Oliver Cromwell a villain or a hero? Pick a side and explain with at least THREE reasons.

  11. Do Now: Wednesday 11/28/12 • “Why Did Parliament Win the Civil War?” • Read the background information and answer corresponding questions

  12. The English Commonwealth • Parliament abolishes the monarchy and House of Lords • Parliament rules as a commonwealth • Problems plague the nation – Cromwell is a military leader • Commonwealth falls apart upon Cromwell’s death in 1658 • Groups who favor a monarchy gain power

  13. The Monarchy is Restored • 1660-1685 • Charles II works with Parliament to repair the shattered nation • Eventually clashes with Parliament when he works to restore Catholicism • 1678: Charles dissolves Parliament and builds the monarchy’s power • His successor, James II, continues to push for Catholic power and incites a backlash  PRODUCES MALE HEIR **CATHOLIC**

  14. The Glorious Revolution • William and Mary (James II’s Protestant daughter) are asked to become England’s monarchs • 1688King James II, wife & child flee to France • Assures Parliament’s power • William & Mary had to agree to very limited powers under Parliament’s domination • 1689: Signed the English Bill of Rights

  15. The English Bill of Rights • Ensured the superiority of Parliament over the monarchy • Required the monarch to summon Parliament regularly and gave the House of Commons the “power of the purse” – control over spending • King or Queen could no longer interfere with parliamentary debates or suspend laws • Barred any Roman Catholic from sitting on the throne

  16. The English Bill of Rights • Also restated the traditional rights of English citizens • Trial by jury • Abolished excessive fines • Cruel and unjust punishment • Affirmed the principle of habeas corpus • No person could be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime

  17. Toleration Act 1689 • Granted limited religious freedom to Puritans, Quakers, and other dissenters • BUT only members of the Church of England could hold public office • Catholics were not allowed any religious freedoms • timeline

  18. Absolute Monarch Absolute Monarch = EXECUTED by Cromwell Popular Ruler dies 1685 Abdicates in 1688 English Bill of Rights

  19. Wrap Up • Why was the “Age of Absolutism” 1550-1800 such a chaotic time in European history? • Consider: Elizabeth, Philip II, Louis XIV, English Civil War, Glorious Revolution, and Constitutional Government

  20. Exit Ticket 11/28/12 • What was the Petition of Right? • What was the result of the English Civil War? • What was the Commonwealth? Who led the Commonwealth?

  21. English Bill of Rights

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