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LIPIDS

LIPIDS. Recognize the monomers of each group of organic molecules. Describe the structure and function of the four groups of organic molecules. Learning Targets. What are lipids?. Macromolecules that generally do not dissolve in water and are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

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LIPIDS

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  1. LIPIDS

  2. Recognize the monomers of each group of organic molecules. Describe the structure and function of the four groups of organic molecules. Learning Targets

  3. What are lipids? • Macromolecules that generally do not dissolve in water and are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen atoms. • Only have carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). • Fats, oils, and waxes Adipose Cells Leaf Cuticles Honeycomb Beeswax

  4. What is the role of lipids? • Some lipids store energy • Some form biological membranes • Some produce waterproof coverings on cells and tissues.

  5. How are lipids formed? • Many lipids are formed when a glycerol molecule joins with compounds called fatty acids. • TWO monomers= • 1 Glycerol • 3 Fatty Acids

  6. Dehydration synthesis Hydrolysis Ester bond • Through dehydration synthesis, 3 waters are removed to attach the 3 fatty acids. • Through hydrolysis, 3 waters are added to break apart the one Lipid molecule.

  7. Carboxyl group

  8. Saturated Fatty Acids • If each carbon atom in a lipid’s fatty acid is joined to other carbon atoms by only one single bond, the lipid is called saturated. • This means the fatty acid has the most hydrogen atoms it can possibly have. • Usually solid at room temperature Carboxyl group

  9. Unsaturated Fatty Acids • If there is at least one carbon –carbon double bond in a fatty acid, the fatty acid is unsaturated. • Foods with unsaturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature

  10. Lipid Structure Fatty Acid Saturated (straight) Glycerol Fatty Acid Unsaturated (bent) Fatty Acid MONOMERS!

  11. Types of Fatty Acids SATURATED UNSATURATED • Very stable; hard to digest. • Animal fats such as butter and bacon grease. • Solid at room temperature. • Only have single bonds. • “Unhealthy fats” • Less stable; easier to digest. • Plant fats like peanut oil, corn oil, and olive oil. • Liquid at room temperature. • Has double bonds. • “Healthy fats”

  12. Do lipids like water? • No way! • Lipids DO NOT dissolve in water: insoluble. • This is called hydrophobic: water - fearing.

  13. Not all lipids are “bad” !!! • Vitamin D (fat is needed to allow this vitamin to assist in calcium absorption. • Cholesterol, steroids, hormones, etc. are all different types of lipids.

  14. Importance of Lipids phospholipids • Long term storage of energy. • Major component of cell membranes. • Protective coat for animals. • Insulation • Cushions internal organs.

  15. Let’s Review… • What two monomers make up a lipid? • How many fatty acids are found in a lipid? • What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated lipid? • Name at least two reasons why lipids are important.

  16. Vocabulary • Lipid • Hydrophobic • Saturated fatty acid • Unsaturated fatty acid

  17. GRAB YOUR SAFETY GOOGLES! Learning Targets: Recognize the monomers of each group of organic molecules. Describe the structure and function of the four groups of organic molecules. Identify organic molecules using a chemical test or indicator

  18. Lipid ID Lab • Lab Safety Reminder: • Do not eat any of the food samples • All backpack should be underneath your desk • All other school work (binders, notebooks, ect. should be put away) • Safety goggles should be worn at all times! • Set Up and Procedure: • Read through your lab procedure • What are we testing? • What are the two tests that you will be completing? • Where can you find all of your supplies? • What should you do while you are waiting? • How should you clean up the lab? • 2. What should you do when you finish the lab?

  19. What Should I Do if I Finish? • Make sure all of the questions on your lab are answered in complete sentences. • 2. “ Identifying Structures” practice. • 3. Compare Carbohydrates and Lipids • Monomer • Different types • Functions • Examples • Elements • How you test for their presence • 4. Lipid Review • 5. Exit Slip

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