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Chapter 11 Biodiversity: Preserving Species

Chapter 11 Biodiversity: Preserving Species. 11.1 Biodiversity And The Species Concept . What is biodiversity? What are species ? Genetically Similar Organisms Capable of Interbreeding Among Themselves With Some Exceptions (Dogs, Wolves and Coyotes )

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Chapter 11 Biodiversity: Preserving Species

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  1. Chapter 11 Biodiversity: Preserving Species

  2. 11.1 Biodiversity And The Species Concept • What is biodiversity? • What are species? • Genetically Similar Organisms Capable of Interbreeding Among Themselves • With Some Exceptions (Dogs, Wolves and Coyotes) • The Red Wolf (Canis Rufus) – Is it a Species? • Really Problematic at the Microscopic Level

  3. Classification

  4. Below Species Level • Subspecies • Pantheratigristigris (Bengal Tiger) • Pantheratigrissumatrae (Sumatran Tiger) • Pantheratigrisaltaica (Siberian Tiger) • Race: Distinctive Variety of Species or Subspecies • Considered to Have Little Biological Meaning for Humans • Variety, Strain, Breed, etc.

  5. Molecular Techniques Are Revolutionizing Taxonomy • “Five Kingdom” System • Animalia • Plantae • Protista (Single-Celled) • Fungi • Bacteria (No Cell Nucleus) • Levels Above Kingdom • Bacteria are More Different Than Everything Else

  6. Levels Above Kingdom • What’s Bigger than a Kingdom? • Empire? No: Domain or Superkingdom • Eukarya: Everything With a Cell Nucleus • Every Organism You Can See • Monera (Bacteria) • Archaea (Many are Extremophiles) • Monera and Archaea outweigh and Outumber Us • We Need Molecular Biology to Detect These Differences

  7. Molecular Techniques Are Revolutionizing Taxonomy • The Case of Crocodiles • Ancient Egyptians Knew of Two Kinds of Crocodiles • Big, Dangerous Deep Water Crocodiles • Smaller, Near-Shore, “Less Dangerous” • Genetic Studies Show They Were Right • The Less Dangerous Ones Are More Closely Related to American Crocodiles

  8. How many species are there? • 62,000 Vertebrates (Half are Fish) • A Million Insects (23,000 Fossil) • 250,000 Other Invertebrates • 300,000 Plants (280,000 Broad-Leaf Plants) • Estimated 7-100 Million Unknown • 700 Dinosaurs (9,000 Living Reptiles) • 70,000 Fossil Mollusks

  9. Hot spots have exceptionally high biodiversity • New Zealand • Horn of Africa • Southeast Asia-Indonesia • Pacific Islands • Caribbean Islands • Mediterranean • Caucasus • California

  10. 11.2 How Do We Benefit From Biodiversity? • All of our food comes from other organisms • Living organisms provide us with many useful drugs and medicines • Biodiversity provides ecological services • Biodiversity also brings us many aesthetic and cultural benefits

  11. 11.3 What Threatens Biodiversity? • Extinction is a natural process • We are accelerating extinction rates • Invasive Species • Island ecosystems are particularly susceptible to invasive species • What Can You Do? Don’t Buy Endangered Species Products

  12. 11.4 Endangered Species Management • Hunting and fishing laws have been effective • Legislation is key to biodiversity protection • Recovery plans rebuild populations of endangered species • Predators Help Restore Biodiversity in Yellowstone • Private land is vital in endangered species protection • Endangered species protection is controversial • Large-scale, regional planning is needed • International wildlife treaties are important

  13. 11.5 Captive Breeding And SpeciesSurvival Plans • Zoos can help preserve wildlife • We need to save rare species in the wild • “Charismatic’ Species • Reconstituting Extinct Organisms? • Critics: Focus on Preserving Present

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