1 / 24

Constituent Order Correlations

Constituent Order Correlations. Phrase constituents may vary with respect to word order . There is a tendency to correlation between clausal and phrasal constituent order . It especially occurs between the order of object and the verb and other phrasal word orders .

lorie
Download Presentation

Constituent Order Correlations

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. ConstituentOrderCorrelations Phraseconstituentsmayvarywithrespecttowordorder. There is a tendencytocorrelationbetweenclausalandphrasalconstituentorder. Itespeciallyoccursbetweentheorder of objectandtheverbandotherphrasalwordorders. OV languagestypicallybehave in oneway, on theotherhand, VO languagesbehaveindifferentway.

  2. Sometypicalcharacteristics of OV and VO languages; • Toemphasize, thesearetendencies, not absoluteuniversals. OV Languages • Most of the OV languagesareverb-final: verbfollowsboththesubjectandobject. • There is oneexception, therare OVS languages: esentiallyverb is on themiddle. • Typicalinstance of OV languages is Khwarshiwhichexhibitsmanytypicalcharacteristics of OV languages.

  3. Khwarshi • Theobjectprecedestheverb. obu-t'-ilidob-it'-x-i fatherfirewooddivide O V 'The father chopped the firewood.'

  4. An instancefromGerman [den LesernDatetwasAccmitteilenV°]VP the readers something tell O V ‘tell the readers something’

  5. II. In OV languages, the adverb typically precedes the verb: xexiIin Muhamad 0-ot'uq'-se gollo fast Magomed(I) I-come-PRES be.PRES.coND AdvV 'If only Magomed would come quickly.'

  6. III.InKhwarshi, genitive phrase (possessor phrase) precedes the head noun typically: obu-t'-is tubi father-obl-gen1gun GenitiveNoun 'father's gun’

  7. Whenwemakecomparisons, weneed • a standard of comparison (St), • a marker of comparisonand (M), • an adjective (Adj). Mary is tallerthanJane. Adj M St

  8. IV. In OV languages, the marker of comparisonfollowsthestandard of comparison : QurbanNazir-X'o-zi-n lebala-w goli Kurban NazirSup-Abl- brave- be.Pres StM Adj 'Kurbanis braver than Nazir.'

  9. In OV languages, adpositionstendtofollowthenoun: yobo-λ'o λ'olo yur-a-bal-eč-i pile-sup above Stone-Obl-Pl.AbsNHPL-be-Past.w NounPostp. 'There were stones on the top of the pile.‘ Postposition “λ'olo”is placedafterthenoun “yobo-λ'o”.

  10. An OV languagewhich has postpositions is a bidirectionalimplicationaluniversal. • Inotherwords, we can say thatpropositionallanguage is an OV languageduetothefactthatthecorrelationbetween OV languagesandpropositions is sostrong. Ifthelanguage is OV, then it has postpositions.

  11. OtherInstances of BirectionalCorrelations • Adpositionalphraseprecedestheverb [miljljo b-oXoX'o]henšegul-o [2pl.Gen2 -in.middle] book put-imp V PP 'Put the book between you!'

  12. Theauxiliaryfollowstheverb. iljob-odo-šegoli Pl.AbsHpl-Work-Presbe.Pres VAux 'We are working.'

  13. VI. Kwarshidoes not havearticlestypically. If an OV language has an article, thenthearticlewillfollowthenoun, andifthearticlefollowsthenoun in a language, then it is likelyto be an OV language. Inotherwords, it is a birectionalcorrelation. An OV language: “Mugil” has articles. in karuwara? yag-o-iy theyanimal a give.me-PAST NounArticleVerb 'They gave me a pig.'

  14. VO Languages I. VO languagesinclude; • both VSO and VOS wordorderand • theverbmedievallanguageswith SVO orderlargely. • Theyarethemirror of OV languages • They, SVO, behavealmostlikeverbinitiallanguages.

  15. TheSimilaritiesBetweenVerb-Inıtıaland SVO Language ZapotecandEnglish; dx-aogobe'ko' yet Cont-eatdog tortilla VO The dog is eating tortillas‘ V O

  16. No mattertheverb is sentenceinitialor not, theorderbetweentheverbandobject is thesameforEnglishandZapoteclanguages.

  17. In VO languages, there is a tendencythatadverbfollowstheverb ble=na' dx-lonhgh=e' sholazhe clan=demdistcont-run=3FM slowly VerbAdverb That person runs slowly VerbAdverb

  18. However, InFıjıan, theadverbdisplays a morerigidwordorder: manneradverbfollowstheverb bau'adava'a.totolonoo run quickly asp V Adv 'Try and run more quickly.'

  19. In OV languages,there is a tendencythattheadpositionsprecedethenounornounphrase: lenhyaawag withironwood Pr NP ‘with an axe’

  20. Inverbinitiallanguages, Noun-Genitiveorder is typical in genitiveconstructions. • However, in SVO, bothNoun-GenitiveandGenitive-Nounorder is common. yichghbedw head PN N Gen 'Pedro's head.‘ • There is no dominant order of genitiveconstruction in English: Pedro's headthe roof of the house Gen. N N Gen

  21. In VO languages, there is a tendencythat; • the marker of comparisonfollowstheadjective, • thestandard of comparisonfollowsthe marker of comparison. n-ak=dxbdxeebe liskleka‘be'ko' -be=moreantclansmall thandog AdjMSt Ants are smaller than dogs. Adj M St • FijianandEnglishdisplaythesamepattern.

  22. Withthebidirectionalcorrelations, VO languagesaremirrorimage of OV languages. Therefore; • Theadpositinalphrasefollowstheverb, • Theauxiliaryprecedestheverb, • Thearticleprecedesthenoun. sh-chog=a’ yag-en [lenhyaawag] Cont-cut=1sg tree-Det [withironwood] V PP ‘I cutthetreewith an axe.’ V PP • FijianandEnglishdisplaysthesamepattern.

  23. In VO language, there is a tendencythattheauxiliariesexistbeforethelexicalverb (ifandwhenused). dx-eyalasi-i=e’ shongayoa Cont-should Pot-grab=3 1three hundred AuxV She should grab three hundred. Aux V

  24. Lastly, in VO languages, there is a tendencythatthearticlesprecedesthenoun. b-enhbidaoneda' tolibr Comp-givechild 1Sing one book ArtN The child gave mea book. Art N

More Related