Who Will Survive?

1. Who Will Survive? Copy the chart below into your spiral. • Describe (in complete sentences) the environment of the M&M’s. • What color of M&Ms would be more common in the “population” if we allowed them to divide and we continued to prey on them? • Say the environment was candy corn instead of chocolate chips.. What would we predict to occur with our M&M population?

3. Videos\Islands_of_Theory___Charles_Darwin_and_Why_Evolution_Occurs_.asfVideos\Islands_of_Theory___Charles_Darwin_and_Why_Evolution_Occurs_.asf Chapter 15 – Evolution

4. Summarize natural selection. • There are variations within a species. • More offspring are produced than can survive. • They compete for limited resources. • Those with the best genetic variations survive to reproduce and pass on those genes to their offspring. • Over time, the most favorable traits spread in that population.

5. Charles DarwinFather of Evolution • Studied the Galapagos Island finches, tortoises, and iguanas. • Observed: Enormous number of species live on Earth • Species: interbreed organisms that can produce healthy, fertileoffspring

6. Darwin’s 5 year voyage on the Beagle…

7. Adapted to eating fruits and seeds Adapted to eating cacti

8. Darwin’s Conclusions: • Struggle for Existence: organisms compete for resources (winners and losers) • food, water, and space • Not everyone can survive! • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OlhLOWTnVoQ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Vo3INoJZLA

10. Variation • Physical differences among the same species due to their environment or mutation • CAN interbreed. • Examples – Rabbits – varying fur colors (white, black, brown, etc). Different color- same species.

11. Variation

12. Biodiversity • A variety of organisms inhabiting an area. • Examples – All trees, plants, squirrels, birds, insects, etc. that live in a city park.

14. Natural Selection Example • Which rabbit has a better chance of surviving in the North Pole? Why?

15. Natural Selection Example Oh, snap, I just found dinner. Gosh darn it, no rabbits here.

16. All the brown rabbits die Only one white rabbit dies

17. White rabbits have babies

18. Now we have ALL white rabbits!

19. Now assume only fat rabbits can survive the cold

20. Now we have all fat white rabbits

21. - We can say that the rabbits evolved into fat white rabbits.- The process is called evolution.

22. Darwin’s Conclusions: 2. Survival of the Fittest: (AKA- Natural Selection) • Individuals that are genetically suited to their environment will be more likely to survive and reproduce • Survivors have better genes for that environment and therefore transfer that trait to their offspring for better survival and reproduction

23. Natural selection…..NOTE!

24. Fitness • Fitness- The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce

25. NOTE! The population, NOT the individual, changes as a result of evolution.

26. Stop, Pair, Share • Describe the an environment this moth population was taken from. • Why do we see more dark moths in generation 3 than generation 1?

28. This species changed and adapted to its environment over time Survives the best, therefore make more babies, therefore more giraffes with longer necks Die off Live a little longer, but eventually Die off

30. Figure 22.12 Evolution of insecticide resistance in insect populations Over several generations, the insects would become resistant to the pesticides.

31. Darwin’s Conclusions: 3. Descent with modification – • All species evolved from ancestors with changes, but look similar to ancestors • implies species have a common descent

32. Darwin's Terminology

33. Adaptation – (think advantage) • Any inheritable trait that increases the chances of survival and reproduction • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5QxUR-mZVM • Niche: place and role of each organism in the environment • where organisms live, what they eat, their predators, and biotic conditions

34. Adaptation • Mimicry : An organism copies the appearance of another species.

35. MIMICRY

36. Viceroy – mimics the monarch to avoid being eaten Monarch – tastes bad to birds

37. Milk Snake Coral Snake

38. Camouflage: structural adaptation that enables an organism to blend in with its surroundings.

39. CAMOUFLAGE

41. Behavior • Definition – way an organism reacts to changes in its environment. • Examples – Geckos change color, skunks spray scent, and porcupines use quills for protection. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gAxbxxmYZ8

43. Plant Adaptations • Broad leaf in low sunlight • Needle like leaves in high sunlight

44. Plant Adaptations • Taproots for deep ground water • Fibrous roots for surface water

45. Plant Adaptations • Seed dispersal (birds, burrs, twirrly birds, ground droppings-acorns)

46. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wEDxThDINgQ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1Ib0-BlBKU

47. Natural Selection - Speciation

48. Speciation • Definition – Creation of new species from one common ancestor. • These new species CANNOT interbreed. • Examples – Tortoises and finches (birds) on each of the Galapagos Islands.

50. 3 types of Speciation Creation of a new species from one common ancestor.