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Chapter 3

Chapter 3. The Biosphere . What is ECOLOGY?. Ecology: the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment, or surroundings. . Biosphere: the entire planet, including all of plants, animals as well as land water and air. .

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Chapter 3

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  1. Chapter 3 The Biosphere

  2. What is ECOLOGY? • Ecology: the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment, or surroundings.

  3. Biosphere: the entire planet, including all of plants, animals as well as land water and air.

  4. Levels of Organization Review • Biosphere • Biome • Ecosystem • Community • Species

  5. What else is in an ECOSYSTEM?

  6. BIOTIC Factors • The BIO-logical influences • Every living thing that an organism may come into contact with • Turtles, deer, and all other animals • Ferns, trees and other plant life

  7. ABIOTIC Factors • Physical or non-living factors • These include things we see and things we don’t • Temperature, nutrient availability, wind….

  8. Applying the Scientific Method • How many white tailed deer live with in a 5 mile radius of the high school? • What response would be produced in a corn snake population if the amount of mice was reduced in their community? • Has continental drift effected the speciation of southern migratory birds?

  9. DO NOW: • Can you see the energy from the sun? Explain. • Get out all supplies you need for class • Notebook • Highlighter • Vocab sheet

  10. Producers • Make their own food • Rely on energy obtained from their environment • Sunlight • Mineral water • Aka AUTOTROPHS • Auto: SELF • Troph: NUTRITION

  11. Photosynthesis • Used by autotrophic organisms • Photo- sun • Synthesis- combination • Light energy is used to power chemical reactions that create simple sugars • Plants, Algae and some bacteria • simple sugar

  12. Chemosynthesis • Requires NO sunlight • Chemical energy is used to produce simple sugars • Energy comes from chemical bonds such as hydrogen sulfide (sewer gas)

  13. Extremeophylls • Main users of chemosynthesis • Live in EXTREME environments • Volcano Vents • Deep inside caves

  14. Consumers • Rely on other organisms for energy • Must eat (ingest) for energy needs • Aka HETEROTROPHS • Hetero: another or different • Troph: nutrition

  15. Meat or Veggies? How about both • Carnivores: eat animals (meat) • Herbivores: eat plant life • Omnivores: eat both plant and animal life

  16. Scavengers & Decomposers • Scavengers: feed on dead plants and animals • Includes earth worms, mites and snails • Decomposers: break down organic matter • Bacteria and fungi

  17. Red Tailed hawk FEEDS ON: mole and field mouse Garden Mole FEEDS ON: worms Damsel fly Field Mouse FEEDS ON: Grasses and insects Grass FEEDS ON: uses the SUN for photosynthesis Damsel fly larva FEEDS ON: other insects Oak leaves FEEDS ON: uses the SUN for photosynthesis Squirrel FEEDS ON: Acorns Worms FEEDS ON: fallen leaves Do Now:1. Please get ready for class + get out your Macroinvertebrate lab (bug picking)2.Organize the following organisms as,,,

  18. Red Tailed hawk Field Mouse Grass Do Now:Please “Get ready for class” by getting your food chains out

  19. DO NOW: • What would happen if one of the organisms in your food web was removed?

  20. What happens to the sun’s energy? • The sun is the greatest source of energy in our universe • Photosynthetic autotrophs make the best use of this energy • Using light energy to power chemical reactions these producers are the start to almost all FOOD CHAINS on land and at sea.

  21. FOOD CHAIN • Represents the passing of energy from one organism to another • Starts with producersenergy is transferred as autotrophs are eaten • The energy transfer continues as more animals enter the food chain.

  22. IN YOUR NOTEBOOKS…. Discuss how… BIOTIC vs. ABIOTIC BIOTIC vs. BIOTIC ABIOTIC vs. ABIOTIC …factors affect each other in the movie.

  23. Trophic Levels • Each link on a food chain is a separate TROPHIC LEVEL • Producers are the first trophic level 3 • Their consumers (herbivores) are in the 2nd trophic level • The 3rd trophic level and up consists of omnivores and carnivores 2 1

  24. Do Now: 1. Please get ready for class. (have your owl lab out)2. Who is the most important organism in the food web

  25. FOOD WEB • A complex feeding relationship between the populations in an ecosystem. • All food chains in an ecosystem are linked together by a food web.

  26. Ecological Pyramids • Representation of energy or matter in each trophic level of an ecosystem • Moving up trophic levels on a pyramid shows that only part of the energy or biomass is passed on to the next trophic level. Usually 10 % -10 % -10% -10% 1g 10g 100g

  27. Recycling Matters • Matter is not gained or lost • It must be recycled within an ecosystem and between ecosystems • Elements, chemical compound (H20) and other forms of matter follow • BIOLOGICALCHEMICAL CYCLES

  28. Do Now: 1. Please get ready for class. Ok so what is being collected today? (your owl lab out) Test Corrections Get ready for the Quiz.

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