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COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES

COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES. the 4 physical effects solutes can have on solutions. COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES- the physical properties of solutions that are affected by the number of particles and not the identification of dissolved solutes. 1. BOILING POINT ELEVATION.

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COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES

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  1. COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES the 4 physical effects solutes can have on solutions

  2. COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES- the physical properties of solutions that are affected by the number of particles and not the identification of dissolved solutes

  3. 1. BOILING POINT ELEVATION • Liquids boil when the vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure • By adding a solute, the temperature at which the liquid boils is higher. • EX: adding salt to water when cooking makes the water boil at a higher temperature. Cooking noodles will cook faster because the water can reach a higher temperature and your noodles won’t be as soggy!

  4. 2. FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION By adding a solute to water, the freezing point is lowered.. EX: salt added to roads makes the water freeze into ice at a lower temperature. EX: antifreeze is added to a car radiator, so the water will not freeze until it reaches a temperature lower than 0

  5. 3. VAPOR PRESSURE LOWERING Water pressure exerted in a closed container by liquid particles that have escaped the surface and entered the gaseous state. • by increasing the number of solute particles, the vapor pressure is lowered

  6. 4. OSMOTIC PRESSURE 1.2 M 0.45 M • Diffusion- the mixing of gases or liquids due to random motions • Osmosis – different solvent particles cross a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high solvent concentration to one of lower concentration. Movement of water, not the solute!! A B A B A selectively permeable membrane separates two aqueous solutions of potassium chloride (KCl). On the left side of the membrane is solution A composed of 1.24 M solution. On the right side of the membrane is solution B composed of 0.45 M solution. Which side is most concentrated? Which side has the most water? Which way will the water flow?

  7. ELECTROLYTES • Ionic compounds are electrolytes • This means that they dissociate in water to form a solution that conducts electric current

  8. The 4 colligative properties, once again are… • Increase in bp (bp elevation) • Decrease in fp (fp depression) • Lowering of vapor pressure • Osmotic pressure

  9. TRY THESE… MOLARITY DILUTION How many milliliters of 2.55M NaOH is needed to make a 125 mL of a 0.75M NaOH? M1V1=M2V2 (2.55M)(V1) = (0.75M)(125mL) V1 = 36.8 mL • What is the molarity of a solution with 50 g sodium carbonate dissolved in 2000 mL of water? • M= mol/L • 50 g Na2CO3 X 1 mol = .47mol 106 g M= .47 mol = .2M 2L

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