Ultraviolet Disinfection - BIO-SECURITY Specification, Operation and Maintenance in a New Era

1. 2010 Regional Aquatics Workshop Presented By: Adrian Megay Ultraviolet Disinfection - BIO-SECURITYSpecification, Operation andMaintenance in a New Era

2. Is Bio-Security a concern? What is UV light? UV Benefits & Limitations How to Guarantee Selection Successwhen choosing UV equipment for your Exhibit UV System Design Types of UV Lampsand how they affect “cost of ownership” Selecting a UV System with confidence The importance of routine maintenance Conclusion Agenda

3. Mammal Bathing Pools Types of exhibits successfully usingUltraviolet Sterilization: • Reptile Pools

4. Types of exhibits successfully usingUltraviolet Sterilization: • Marine & Freshwater Aquariums • Avian Ponds • Also: Quarantine/Holding Facilities & Touch Pools

5. What is UV Light? The “Germicidal Action Spectrum” Curve is identified on the Spectrum of Light chart below; of which, UV-C’s 264 nanometers is the most efficient wavelength for living microorganism disinfection.

6. UV Benefits • UV treatment takes place only inside the UV exposure chamber. • UV treatmentleaves no residual downstream In contrast, chlorine/bromine leaves a residual in the water that can irritate the skin and eye tissue of mammals, reptiles, and birds. And Ozone, if not measured and controlled properly, is capableof causing severe tissue damage, even death in fish and invertebrates.

7. UV Limitations Exposure time between the waterborne microorganism and the UV-C light is critical to achieving successful UV disinfection. The condition of the application’s water (%UVT) will determine how well the UV-C light penetrates through it. UV-C is absorbed by the targeted microorganism or by other organic waterborne particles. It is for this reason that UV equipment should be positioned after the mechanical filter.

8. How to Guarantee Selection Successwhen choosing UV equipment for your Exhibit Step One: Identify the Application’s Percent UV Light Transmissibility (%UVT). %UVT and Turbidity are not synonymous! %UVT is the measurement of UV-C light transmittance in water. Contaminates and other waterborne agents will absorb UV light. Knowing the actual condition of the application’s water is essential for calculating an accurate UV flow rate and ultimately achieving successful UV treatment! A credible UV Manufacturer will allow you to submit an application water sample and will provide you with %UVT test results. The test sample should represent a worse case scenario. Note: This is only a visual representation of %UVT.

9. How to Guarantee Selection Successwhen choosing UV equipment for your Exhibit The following charts demonstrate how a lower %UVT parallels a diminished UV dose when operating a 780 Watt UV Sterilizer at a flow rate of 150 GPM.

10. How to Guarantee Selection Successwhen choosing UV equipment for your Exhibit Step Two: An individual microorganism’s uniqueness is determined by its size, life cycle, and physical makeup, which explains why each requires a specific and different UV dose. Algae: Chlorella Vulgaris E.Coli Fecal Coliforms Pseudomonas Fluorescens Amyloodinium Ocellateum CryptocaryonIrritans

11. How to Guarantee Selection Successwhen choosing UV equipment for your Exhibit Identify the “Targeted Microorganism” and its required UV Dose for effective treatment.

12. How to Guarantee Selection Successwhen choosing UV equipment for your Exhibit Step Three: Water Flow Rate Indentify the application’s minimum and maximum water flow rate. Failure to establish a proper flow rate could result in insufficient UV dosages and/or exhibit turn-over rates. Water Flow Meters are accurate measuring devices and are strongly recommended .

13. UV System Design The pivotal component of any UV sterilizer is its UV lamp. Critical performance characteristics include: output performance, arc length, and useful lamp life. The power source (ballast) operates the lamp and Must match its specific operating parameters (operatingcurrent and input watts). The UV reactor is essentially the space that houses the UV lamp field; the dimensionsof which are based upon the lamp’s operating specifications. UV lamp + Ballast + UV Lamp Array

14. Types of UV Lamps and how they affect “Cost of Ownership” End of Useful Lamp Life Comparison

15. Types of UV Lamps and how they affect “Cost of Ownership” UV Lamp UV-C Output Comparison

16. Types of UV Lamps and how they affect “Cost of Ownership” UV Lamp Operating Temperature & Electrical Consumption = Optimum Application Water Temperature = Optimum Lamp Operating Temperature

17. Types of UV Lamps and how they affect “Cost of Ownership” • Low-Pressure UV Sterilizer Systems are Cost-effective, from initial equipment purchase to the overall cost of ownership. • For example: • Oregon Department of Fish & Game • Lookingglass Hatchery • A 2,100-watt, 1,500 GPM UV Sterilizer system with 14 Lamps providing 30,000µWs/cm2@ 90%UVT had a daily operating cost of $2.86. • Annual replacement parts cost = $1,900 • Annual Maintenance man-hours = 3

18. Selecting a UV System with Confidence 3 Steps to Success Third-Party Validation & Accreditation

19. Selecting a UV System with Confidence 3 Steps to Success Third-Party Validation & Accreditation

20. Routine Maintenance & Replacement Parts • Replace lamps per manufacturer’s recommended specifications : Low-Pressure typically 9,000 hours. • Replace quartz sleeve compression gaskets each time the corresponding lamp is changed. • Clean and inspect quartz sleeves periodically. It is recommended to replace Quartz Sleeves should they exhibit hairline cracks, gouges, pitting or permanent mineral deposits or stains. • To Clean Dirt: Use a mild dish washing detergent, thoroughly rinse and dry before reusing. • To Clean Calcium: Use Muriatic Acid or vinegar to dissolve the calcium, thoroughly rinse with clean water and dry before reusing. 3 Laborhours annually ona typical application.

21. In Conclusion Achieving Successful Germicidal Disinfection with UV The most critical factor associated with achieving successful UV disinfection is customer awareness. Buyer awareness, regarding key UV operating characteristics, can make the difference between purchasing equipment that delivers the expected result or a system that falls short of providing adequate bio-security.