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The Alamo and Goliad

This text recounts the defeats of the Texan forces at the Alamo and Goliad during the Texas Revolution. It explores the battles, the surrender, and the subsequent execution of the prisoners. These events served as catalysts for Texan independence and inspired support from the United States.

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The Alamo and Goliad

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  1. The Alamo and Goliad Defeat in South Texas p. 237 - 241

  2. Urrea Sweeps Northward to Refugio

  3. Fannin Delays His Departure • While the fighting at the Alamo raged, General Urrea advanced up through South Texas. • In February Colonal James Fannin decided to help Travis at the Alamo, but a shortage of wagons caused him to return to Goliad. • Fannin was ordered by Houston to retreat toward Victoria. • Urrea attacked Fannin’s 300 men when they were resting to eat. • Urrea surrounded the Texans. Fannin assembled his soldiers in a square and drove the Mexicans back three times.

  4. Fannin Delays His Departure • 7 Texans were killed and 60 were wounded, including Colonel Fannin. • The next morning, Urrea received reinforcements and opened fire on the Texans at daybreak. • After a brief exchange of gunfire, Fannin surrendered to Urrea. • The Battle of Coleto was over.

  5. Texans Surrender • There has been confusion about the terms of surrender: Texans believed they were prisoners of war and would be treated fairly. • The surrender agreement, in Mexican archives, contains no such promise. The document states the Texans surrendered unconditionally. • Fannin and his troops were marched to Goliad, where they were imprisoned in the old presidio.

  6. Santa Anna’s “Cruel Necessity” • General Urrea wrote to President Santa Anna, requesting that the lives of the prisoners be spared. • Santa Anna ordered the immediate execution of the Texans because he feared that if he let them go, they would join others in the rebellion. • All the soldiers were marched out into a prairie and shot. Colonel Fannin was the last to be shot. • General Urrea and many Mexican soldiers regretted Santa Anna’s decision.

  7. The Lessons of the Alamo and Goliad • Texans may never have won their independence without the Battle of the Alamo. • The battle cost Santa Anna the lives of considerable number of professional soldiers. • News of the battle also inspired U.S. citizens to aid the Texans in their fight for freedom. • Santa Anna had hoped that the fall of the Alamo would convince the Texans to give up, but it had the opposite effect. • News of the executions at Goliad angered Texans. “Remember Goliad” now joined “Remember the Alamo” as the rallying cries of the Texas soldiers.

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