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Parentheses!!!

Parentheses!!!. By JB, JC, JG, LK. Parentheses are used to add small separations from the rest of a text and have many functions!!!. 1. Writer’s note.

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Parentheses!!!

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  1. Parentheses!!! By JB, JC, JG, LK Parentheses are used to add small separations from the rest of a text and have many functions!!!

  2. 1. Writer’s note • Parentheses can often serve the purpose of a footnote, but rather than being at the end of a page, they are located immediately after the segment they relate to. • i.e. Most people are dumb (though many optimists will disagree).

  3. 2. Parenthetical Reference • Parenthetical Reference is used as an exact citation of an authors work that provides all the necessary information to find what you quoted in the original work. • i.e. “She loved kittens” (Johnson, 19) or with title (Johnson, Kittens Galore 19)

  4. Examples of MLA Parenthetical Referencing • “She loved kittens” (19) • If author is not mentioned use (Johnson 19) • If the author has more than one work (Johnson, Kittens Galore 19) • If the multiple authors have that last name, place the full name in the surrounding text or citation. • i.e. (Leon Johnson, Kitten Galore 19)

  5. With two the three authors use commas and “and” where the name is. • i.e. (Johnson and Johnson, Kittens Galore 19) • With four or more use the first author with “et al” or just put all the names. • i.e. (Johnson et al, Kittens Galore 19)

  6. Corporate authors are treated as standard authors, just as electronic texts are treated as normal texts, though they often don’t have page numbers. • If no author is listed, just skip the place for their name.

  7. Lastly!!! • Put the citation as close to the text as you can without interrupting it. It’s very important to your paper, but don’t let that muddle your writing!

  8. Works Cited • Gibaldi, Joseph. "MLA Parenthetical Citation." The Write Place. 16 Mar 2004. St. Cloud State Univeristy. 12 Jun 2007 <http://leo.stcloudstate.edu/research/mlaparen.html>.

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