Chapter #8 The First World War

1. WWI & Post War Unit Chapters 8-10 Chapter #8The First World War 1914-1920

2. Starter #2: Tuesday 11/2 • One day after school, you see two groups of schoolmates involved in a fight. Both sides yell to you to join in and help their side. What are the advantages and disadvantages of remaining neutral and staying out of the fight? • What are the advantages and disadvantages of getting involved? • If you do get involved, how do you decide which group to join? • What do you think we are studying today??

3. Starter #1: Monday 11/1 • QUARTER 2 WEEK 1 • Read The Inside Story on page 230 • Why did Gavrilo Princip join a terrorist organization? • What happened within a few weeks of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

4. Chapter 8 Section 1A World Crisis • Causes of WWI • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand spark that started the fire • Need wood & starter fuel to start fire

5. Causes of World War I • M ilitarism • A lliances • I mperialism • N ationalism

6. Militarism • Policy of military preparedness and building up of weapons • Germany began building up army, navy, and creating military plans • Worried others, so they began building up as well

7. Alliances • Partnerships • Enacted to maintain peace, but they’re the reason the war started • Alliances before the war • Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy • Triple Entente: Britain, France, Russia

9. Alliances continued… • Balance of Power: each nation or alliance had equal strength • Thought would decrease chances of war

10. Imperialism • Growing nationalism caused countries to compete for colonies overseas • More colonies = stronger country • Kaiser Wilhelm II – German leader wanted colonies for Germany to build up army

11. Nationalism • Extreme pride and devotion for one’s country • Caused the formation of new nations • Austria Hungary began to expand and push into the region of Bosnia and others

12. War Breaks Out • Arrested Princip –found out Serbia provided the weapons/bombs • Austria Hungary blamed Serbia for murder • Russia vowed to back Serbia, so began mobilizing • Germany took this as war was imminent, so they declared war on Russia and France (Russia’s ally)

13. The Germans take Belgium • Utilized Schlieffen Plan by attacking Belgium • Great Britain vowed to protect Belgium – so they declared war on Germany • 2 sides emerged • Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire • Allied Powers: Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy

15. A new kind of warfare • France had not changed fighting style since 1800s • Bright red uniforms, close combat • Met with machine gun fire • Quick setup, 600 bullets per minute • Germany prepared, expected quick victory • Troops would be home “before the leaves had fallen”

16. The War Reaches a Stalemate • Trench Warfare • Both sides dug trenches • 400 miles along the Western Front • Switzerland to the North Sea

17. Trench Warfare • Lived in trenches, surrounded by machine fire, grenades, artillery shells • No man’s land – land separating enemy trenches • Created deadlock between two sides

18. New Weapons • Gas attacks: not always effective because of the change in winds • Made canisters of gas to shoot into enemies trenches which would destroy soldiers lungs • Traditionalists did not agree with gas – unethical • Gas masks lowered risks with gas • Tanks and Airplanes • Red Baron

19. Starter #3: Wednesday 11/3 • PLEASE GRAB YOUR CLICKER FROM BEHIND MY DESK! • Read the Inside Story on page 238. • What assurances were passengers given about taking the Luistania into a war zone? • What was the first sign of trouble? What did it indicate?

20. Chapter 8 Section 2The United States in World War I • The United States stays Neutral • Isolationism: policy of not being involved in the affairs of other nations • Long standing history of it • Precedent

21. Which of the following doesn’t belong? • Isolated • Neutral • Involved • Stay out 30

22. Who was the first President to encourage Isolationism? • Teddy Roosevelt • George Washington • William McKinley • Abe Lincoln 30

23. Leaning toward the Allies • Germany made Wilson nervous • Greater ties to Great Britain and France • Great Britain bought $75 million war goods from US each week

24. German Submarine Warfare • Great Britain had strong blockade on Germans ports – blocking on goods and trading • U-Boats – undersea boats to attack ships • Unrestricted Submarine Warfare • All waters surrounding Great Britain was a war zone, all ships could be fired upon • Wilson said this policy violated the laws of neutrality

25. Which countries’ waters did Germany claim that would fire upon if they were entered? • Italy • France • Spain • Great Britain 30

26. What type of boat was a U-Boat? • Submarine • Ski Boat • Cruise Liner • Barge 30

27. Heading Toward War • Sinking of Lusitania – demand end to policy • Sussex Pledge: promise not to sink merchant vessels “without warning and without saving human lives”

28. What was found at the bottom of the Lusitania? • Dead people • War Weapons • Illegal immigrants • Secret battle plans 30

29. Wilson’s Re-election • Wilson vowed not to send troops over to Europe • Opponent was pro-war • Wilson won by only 3% • Tried to work out peace in Europe, neither side would admit fault • Ended when Germany resumed Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

30. The Zimmerman Note • Promised alliance between Germany and Mexico • Claimed that after the war, Germany would help reclaim Mexican territory that US took • British intercepted note • Changed many Americans views of the war – wanted to get in it

31. What was the final straw that caused the US to enter WWI? • Sinking of the USS Maine • Sinking of the Lusitania • De Lome Letter • Zimmerman Telegraph 30

32. US Declares War • Germany sank 3 US merchant ships • April 6, 1917 US joined war on the side of the allies

33. Americans in EuropeRaising an Army • Selective Service Act: required men between ages of 21 and 30 to register to be drafted into the armed forces • Not prepared for soldiers – needed training, needed bases

34. Arriving in Europe • Convoy System: troop-transport ships were surrounded by destroyers or cruisers for protection • General Pershing lead troops • Felt they needed more training • Wanted US to fight as one, not separate out among allies

35. Allied Setbacks • Bolsheviks took over Russia • Set up communism: seek equal distribution of wealth, not private property • Withdrew Russian troops, signed peaces agreement with Central Powers

36. Why did Russia drop out of the war? • They were losing • Bolshevik Revolution • Germans made them • US made them 30

37. The Armistice • War crippling Germany – food shortages, economy suffered • Lacking will to fight, Germans Central Powers began to surrender • Allied Demanded: • German leave all territories it had occupied • Surrendered weapons/tanks/U-Boats • Hoped this was the War to End all Wars • 8.5 million causalities

38. Which of the following was not a cause of WWI? • Imperialism • Alliances • Militarism • Industrialization • Nationalism 30

39. Starter #4: Thursday 11/4 • GRAB YOUR CLICKERS! • Read the Inside Story on page 246 • What were Liberty Bonds? • Describe some of the campaigns that were used to help sell Liberty Bonds.

40. The Home Front • Mobilizing the Economy • Wars are expensive • Passed high taxes – wealthiest Americans paid 77% • Borrowed $20 million from Americans who bought Liberty Bonds • Loan from the American people to the federal government (propaganda)

41. Why did the government launch a Propaganda movement? • Build support for the war • To approve taxes • Build resentment towards the Germans • Build support for our leaders 30

42. Regulating Industry • Regulate Industrial & Agricultural production and distribution • War Industries Board (WIB) • “No steel, copper, cement, rubber, or other basic materials could be used without our approval.” • Increased production by 20% • Military had first “dibs” • Remaining goods for civilians

43. Which 2 sectors did the government take over? • Schools & Military • Cities & Countries • Industry & Agriculture • Agriculture & Schools 30

44. Regulating Food • Lever Food & Fuel Control Act • Government had the power to set prices and establish production controls for food and the fuels needed to run military machines • Herbert Hoover (Vice President) • “Food can win the war” • Pay farmers higher prices for crops if produce more • Victory Gardens – Meatless Mondays – Wheatless Wednesdays • 1918 exported 3 times more food than before war • 1919 passage 18th Amendment (Prohibition) • Conserve Wheat • Anti-German sentiment

45. What was the 18th Amendment? • Women’s Suffrage • Elect Senators • Repeal Prohibition • Enacted Prohibition 30

46. Regulating Fuel • Fuel Administration – goal to conserve fuel • Daylight Savings Time • Extended daylight hours for those who worked long shifts in factories • Gasless Sundays – Heatless Mondays

47. Why was Daylight Savings created? • To help the troops fight in daylight • To allow factories to stay open later to produce more goods • To allow schools to keep students longer • To help the government conserve energy 30

48. Mobilizing Workers • Profits skyrocketed for industrial corporations because government paid top dollar for goods to support war effort • Wages increased, yet cost of living also increased • Working long hours, dangerous conditions, fast pace to make largest profit • Union membership increased by 60% • 6000 strikes held during the war

49. National Labor Board • Judged disputes between workers and management • Government afraid labor strikes would disrupt the making of supplies needed for the war effort • Promoted 8 hour work day, recognization of labor unions, equal pay for equal work

50. Did Unions gain or lose support from the government during WWI? • GAIN • LOSE 30