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Chapter One

Chapter One. An Introduction To Chemistry . Section 1.1. Chemistry – The study of properties, structure, and the reactions having to do with matter. Matter – Anything that has mass and takes up space. (you don’t have to be able to see it !). Chemistry is part of your life!.

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Chapter One

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  1. Chapter One An Introduction To Chemistry

  2. Section 1.1 Chemistry – The study of properties, structure, and the reactions having to do with matter. Matter– Anything that has mass and takes up space. (you don’t have to be able to see it!)

  3. Chemistry is part of your life! 1. Learn the language - vocabulary 2. Learn the material described by the key concepts 3. Use illustrations 4. Take notes and review them frequently 5. Work all the problems you can get for practice 6. DON’T CRAM FOR EXAMS

  4. Areas of Study Organic – contains carbon (except of oxides and carbonates, ie CO, CO2) Inorganic– everything else that does not contain carbon Biochemistry– chemical processes in organisms Analytical–composition of matter Physical– mechanisms, rate, and energy transfer during a chemical reaction Pure Chemistry – is for the sake of knowledge Applied Chemistry – what can it be used for Technology– applied chemistry; less effort

  5. Why Bother? Explain your world – ie. food preparation Preparing for a career – several fields that use basic chemistry ie. Photography Being an informed citizen – ie. Use of funding, industry, hazards, technology

  6. Section 1.2, Connections to the World • Materials – designed to fit a specific need • Microscopic – very small, unable to see (need a microscope) • Macroscopic – large enough to see • Energy – meeting the needs of our society • Conservation – insulation materials • Production – fossil fuels: coal, petroleum, gas • Storage – batteries • Medicine and Biotechnology – the treatment of patients • Medicines – safe and effective drugs • Materials – materials to repair or replace body parts • Biotechnology – human genome project, genetic studies

  7. Connections to the World • Agriculture – better and stronger crops • Productivity – soil quality, water abundance, weeds, plant diseases, pests • Crop protection – chemicals for pest and disease control • Environment– protect our living space • identify pollution • prevent pollution • Universe– analyze information brought back to Earth

  8. The Alchemists • Modern chemistry has its roots in the medieval art of alchemy • Antoine –Laurent Laviosier is creditted for bringing Chemistry into the fold of modern sciences • Experimental procedures • Measurement • Hypothesis • Objectivity

  9. Section 1.3, Scientific Method • Observations – leading to a question • Hypothesis– a tentative explanation of the behavior of nature (an “educated guess”) • Experiment– • Manipulated variable (independent variable) – you change during the experiment • Responding variable (dependent variable) – observe any changes that occur • Controlled experiment – one dependant variable tested at a time • Theory– a tested model that explains the tested behavior or observation • Scientific Law – summarizes the results of many observations and experiments • Law = describes • Theory = explains, allows for predictions

  10. The Process of the Scientific Method 1. Observe 2. Formulate hypothesis 3. Testing/ experimenting 4. Theorizing 5. More testing 6. Evaluate hypothesis 7. More testing 8. Evaluate hypothesis 9. More testing 10. Theorize 11. Eventually Publish Theory 12. Eventually may become a law (there are very few “Laws”)

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