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20.3 Electric Circuits

20.3 Electric Circuits. Ms. Kammerer. Circuit Diagrams. An electric circuit is a complete path through which charge can flow. Symbols are used to represent parts of a circuit Source of electrical energy Devices that are run by the electrical energy. Open Circuits.

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20.3 Electric Circuits

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  1. 20.3 Electric Circuits Ms. Kammerer

  2. Circuit Diagrams • An electric circuit is a complete path through which charge can flow. • Symbols are used to represent parts of a circuit • Source of electrical energy • Devices that are run by the electrical energy

  3. Open Circuits • Switches are places where the circuit can be opened. • If the switch is open, the circuit is not a complete loop, current stops • When the switch is closed, the circuit will resume flow • Direction of current is the direction in which positive charges flow

  4. Series Circuit • Charge has only one path it can flow. • If one element stops functioning in a series circuit, none of the elements can operate. • What are sources of resistance?

  5. Parallel Circuits • An electrical circuit with two or more paths through which charges can flow

  6. Power and Energy • Power is the rate of doing work • Electric power is the rate at which electrical energy is converted to another form of energy • Unit is watt (W) • Electric Power P(watts) = I (amps) x V (volts)

  7. Practice Problems • 1. A clothes dryer uses about 27 amps of current from a 240-volt line. How much power does it use? • P = I x V = (240V)(27A) = 6500 W • A camcorder has a power rating of 2.3 watts. If the output voltage from its battery is 7.2 volts, what current does it use? • I = P/V = (2.3W)/(7.2V) = 0.32A • A power tool uses about 12 amps of current and has a power rating of 1440 watts. What voltage does the tool require? • V = P/I = (1440 W)/(12 A) = 120 V

  8. Electrical Energy • E = P x t

  9. Electrical Safety • Correct wiring, fuses, circuit breakers, insulation, and grounded plugs help make electrical energy safe to use. • All wires must be able to carry max expected current • “Blowing a fuse”- a wire will melt if too much current passes through it

  10. A circuit breaker is a switch that will open when current is too high • Grounding – the transfer of excess charge through a conductor to Earth

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