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Chapter 17

Chapter 17. Physical Development in Late Adulthood. Life Expectancy and Life Span. Variations in Life Span. Okinawa (81.2). Afghanistan and Kenya (47years). health conditions and medical care. In the U.S. Whites (77), African Americans (70). Sex Differences in Longevity.

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Chapter 17

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  1. Chapter 17 Physical Development in Late Adulthood

  2. Life Expectancy and Life Span

  3. Variations in Life Span • Okinawa (81.2). • Afghanistan and Kenya (47years). • health conditions and medical care. • In the U.S. Whites (77), African Americans (70)

  4. Sex Differences in Longevity • differences are due to health attitudes, habits, lifestyles, and occupation. • Biological factors play a role, too, as females outlive males in virtually all species.

  5. What’s Your Life Expectancy? • http://media.nmfn.com/tnetwork/lifespan/

  6. Biological Theories of Aging • Cellular Clock Theory • Hayflick limit & telomeres

  7. Biological Theories of Aging • Free-Radical Theory • Free radical damage & antioxidants

  8. The Aging Brain • Slowdown of CNS • By 90 most reflexes are gone! • Decreased Brain Lateralization • Neurons • New neurons? • Continued dendrite growth • Education and your brain! • More educated, less Alzheimer’s

  9. Health Problems • Arthritis- #1 chronic condition • Inflammation of the joints with pain, stiffness, and movement problems • Osteoporosis • two-thirds of women over 60 • deficiencies in calcium, vitamin D, estrogen depletion, and lack of exercise

  10. Weight drops after 60 due to muscle loss, which causes us to look “saggy.”

  11. Sensory Development • Vision • Dark adaptation (night driving) • Cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration • Hearing • Remember presbycusis? • Smell, Taste, Pain • Loss of sensitivity

  12. Heart and Lungs • The healthy heart may be stronger as we age with capacity increasing • But high blood pressure… • Illness, obesity, anxiety, stiffening of blood vessels, lack of exercise • Lung capacity drops 40% even without disease • Lungs lose elasticity, chest shrinks, diaphragm weakens.

  13. Sex? • As long as you are healthy you are sexually active! • 57-64 yr olds: 73 % • 65-74 yr olds: 53% • 75-84 yr olds: 26% • Half of this group had sex more than twice a month!

  14. Causes of Death in Older Adults • Heart Disease • Cancer • Stroke • Pneumonia • Influenza • Diabetes

  15. Older adults are healthier and happier the more active they are • sedentary twice as likely to die as moderately fit • Starting exercise 40s through the 80s -- 23% lower risk of death

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