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Descriptive Research in Physical Activity Epidemiology

CHAPTER 11 . CHAPTER 1. Descriptive Research in Physical Activity Epidemiology. Descriptive Research in Physical Activity Epidemiology. What is Epidemiology?. Epidemiology is “the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in

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Descriptive Research in Physical Activity Epidemiology

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  1. CHAPTER 11 CHAPTER 1 Descriptive Research in Physical Activity Epidemiology Descriptive Research in Physical Activity Epidemiology

  2. What is Epidemiology? Epidemiology is “the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems” (Last 1988, 141). • Distribution - Frequency: Prevalence, incidence, morality rate - Patterns: Person, place, time • Determinants: Defined characteristics associated with change in health • Application: Translation of knowledge to practice

  3. Development of Exercise Epidemiology • Early studies - Framingham Heart Study - London Busmen/British Civil Servants - Tecumseh Health Study - Harvard Alumni Health Study - Minnesota studies • Healthy People 2010 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services)

  4. Purposes of Epidemilogic Methods • Quantifying the magnitude of health problems • Identifying the factors that cause disease • Providing quantitative guidance for the allocation of public health resources • Monitoring the effectiveness of prevention strategies using population-wide surveillance programs

  5. Key Points in Exercise Epidemiology • Observational versus experimental research • Key terms in exercise epidemiology - Distribution: Frequency and patterns - Determinants • Assessment of physical activity - Direct measurements - Questionnaires

  6. Epidemiologic Study Designs • Descriptive epidemiology - Cross-sectional designs - Ecological designs • Analytical designs - Cohort studies - Case-control studies • Experimental designs: Randomized trials

  7. Design in Exercise Epidemiology • Case-control studies: Select participants from a group with a disorder and compare with cases without the disorder • Cohort studies - Groups exposed to cause of disorder versus those not exposed: Relative frequency of exposure and nonexposure is known - Sample of cohorts selected from population and grouped into cases and noncases

  8. Types of Case-Control and Cohort Designs • Retrospective: Look back from effects to potential causes • Prospective: Identify an event and follow cases forward from that event for some period • Cross-sectional: Measure causes and effects at a certain point and look at relationships

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