One Language, Many Voices

2. One Language, Many Voices

3. Shahraz Kureishi Achebe Lessing Ngugi Narayan Rushdie Maugham

4. The British Empire: Extension 1937 The cumulative maximum extension of all British colonies and dominions

5. The Authors born 1857 in Russia 1886 British nationality Joseph Conrad 1890 Congo expedition 1897 “An Outpost of Progress“

6. The Authors born 1874 in Paris 1884 orphan in London extensive travels through East Asia Somerset Maugham 1926 “The Force of Circumstance“

7. The Authors born 1903 in India schooling in England service in the Imperial Police in Burma George Orwell living in France, Britain, Spain 1936 “Shooting an Elephant“

8. The Authors born 1919 in Persia 1925 family settles in Rhodesia 1949 move to England Doris Lessing 1951 “The Second Hut“

9. The Authors born 1930 in Nigeria Living and working in Nigeria teaching at American universities Chinua Achebe 1953 “Dead Men‘s Path“

10. The Authors born 1906 in Madras learns English at Christian school famous for extensive literary production in English R. K. Narayan 1965 “A Horse …“

11. The Authors born 1938 in Kenya studies in Uganda and England working and lecturing in USA and Kenya Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o 1976 “A Meeting in the Dark“

12. The Authors born 1918 in Edinburgh 1937 marriage in Rhodesia Muriel Spark living and writing in Liverpool, London, New York, and Italy 1958 “The Black Madonna“

13. The Authors born 1947 in Bombay education at prestigious institutions Salman Rushdie 1989 fatwa for “The Satanic Verses“ 1987 “Good Advice…“

14. The Authors born 1958 in Pakistan 1967 move to Manchester Qaisra Shahraz activist and writer in Pakistani community 1988 “A Pair of Jeans“

15. The Authors born 1954 in London (father Pakistani) writer of fiction and screenplays Hanif Kureishi 1994 “My Son the Fanatic“

16. Empire Christmas Pudding (1910) • Australia • South Africa • Canada • New Zealand • West Indies • Ceylon • Zanzibar • India • Cyprus • Jamaica • England • United Kingdom • 1 lb. of sultanas • 1 lb. of stoned raisins • 6 ozs. of minced apple • 1 lb. of beef suet • 1 lb. of demerara sugar • ½ oz. of ground cinnamon • ½ oz. of ground cloves • 1 pinch of pudding spice • 1 tbsp. of brandy • 1 tbsp. of rum • 1 pint of old beer • 1 lb. of bread crumbs

17. Then: An Empire on which the sun never sets Now: An Island from which the fog never lifts

18. Empire Christmas Pudding (1910) • Australia • South Africa • Canada • New Zealand • West Indies • Ceylon • Zanzibar • India • Cyprus • Jamaica • England • United Kingdom • 1 lb. of sultanas • 1 lb. of stoned raisins • 6 ozs. of minced apple • 1 lb. of beef suet • 1 lb. of demerara sugar • ½ oz. of ground cinnamon • ½ oz. of ground cloves • 1 pinch of pudding spice • 1 tbsp. of brandy • 1 tbsp. of rum • 1 pint of old beer • 1 lb. of bread crumbs

19. The British Empire • The Map illustrates why the British Empire (even more • than the Roman Empire or the Soviet Union) was doomed: • the colonies and dominions were too dispersed • there were too many ethnicities, cultures, religions etc. • the distances were too long, the time zones too many • the bureaucratic bringing-into-line of the diverse colonies • was an unrealistic endeavour • The real achievements: • the creation of political units where there had been • none • the introduction of English as the official language of • administration or as lingua franca

20. Cross-Cultural Experiences Ngugi wa Thiong‘o A Meeting in the Dark Chinua Achebe Dead Men‘s Path R.K. Narayan A Horse and Two Goats

21. Acculturation: term used to describe situations where contact between a dominant and a subordinate group results in the erosion of the latter’s culture.

22. Acculturation: term used to describe situations where contact between a dominant and a subordinate group results in the erosion of the latter’s culture.

23. Acculturation: term used to describe situations where contact between a dominant and a subordinate group results in the erosion of the latter’s culture.

24. Acculturation: term used to describe situations where contact between a dominant and a subordinate group results in the erosion of the latter’s culture.

25. Cross-Cultural Experiences Use of the English language: Achebe “I feel that the English language will be able to carry the weight of my African experience. But it will have to be a new English.” nach Angela Ringel-Eichinger

26. Cross-Cultural Experiences Use of the English language: Narayan “ We are not attempting to write Anglo-Saxon English. The English language is now undergoing a process of Indianization (and) I cannot say whether this process of transmutation is to be viewed as an enrichment of the English language or a debasement of it.”

27. Cross-Cultural Experiences Use of the English language:Ngugi “The domination of the people’s language by the languages of the colonising nations was crucial to the domination of the mental universe of the colonised.” nach Angela Ringel-Eichinger

28. Henry Black Madonna Kayerts Raymond Lou An Outpost… Dead Men‘s Path Carlier Makola Obi Racism The Force… My Son the Fanatic Shooting… Ali Van Heerden Second Hut Orwell Minor Char. Plot explicitly Plot implicitly Protagonists

29. Doris My Son… The Force… Bettina Nancy Malay woman Dead Men‘s Path Carruther‘s wife Second Hut Lou Gender Roles Van H.‘s wife Black Madonna Meeting in the Dark Elizabeth Begum Wamuhu A Pair of Jeans Good Advice… Miriam Miss Rehana Minor Char. Plot explicitly Plot implicitly Protagonists

30. Henry Pierce An Outpost… Black Madonna Miriam Makola A Pair of Jeans Malay woman The Force… Hybridity My Son the …. Guy Parvez Dead Men‘s Path Stanley Good Advice… A Meeting… Obi Muhammad Ali John Minor Char. Plot explicitly Plot implicitly Protagonists

31. Miriam‘s parents Kayerts An Outpost… A Pair of Jeans M‘s parents-i.-l. Carlier Guy Parvez My Son the Fanatic The Force… Doris Ali Diaspora Shooting… Good advice… Miss Rehana Orwell Carruthers Henry Pierce Black Madonna Second Hut the wife Oxford St. John Minor Char. Plot explicitly Plot implicitly Protagonists

32. An Outpost… My Son The Fanatic The Force… Exploitation Black Madonna Shooting… A Horse … Second Hut Minor Char. Plot explicitly Plot implicitly Protagonists

33. Lou Priest Black Madonna Muni Raymond Parvez A Horse … My Son the Fanatic Ali Religion Mike Dead Men‘s Path Begum A Pair of Jeans Village priest John A Meeting … Miriam Stanley Minor Char. Plot explicitly Plot implicitly Protagonists

34. Guy - Doris Black Madonna Rehana - Mustafa The Force… Good Advice Lou - Raymond G. – Malay woman Carr. – C‘s wife Miriam - Farook The Second Hut Relationships A Pair of Jeans Van H. – his wife Begum - Ayab Parvez – wife Ali - girlfriend Dead Men‘s Path My Son the Fanatic Stanley - Susana Michael - Nancy A Meeting … Parvez - Bettina John - Wamuhu Minor Char. Plot explicitly Plot implicitly Protagonists

35. A Horse … Black Madonna An Outpost … Good Advice … The Force … Clashing cultures A Pair of Jeans Shooting … My Son … Second Hut A Meeting Dead Men‘s Path Minor Char. Plot explicitly Plot implicitly Protagonists

36. An Outpost… A Horse and 2 Goats The Force … A Pair of Jeans Language My Son … Shooting… Good Advice … Second Hut Dead Men‘s Path Minor Char. Plot explicitly Plot implicitly Protagonists

37. An Outpost … The Force … Black Madonna Centre/ Periphery Shooting … Good Advice Second Hut A Horse … Dead Men‘s Path Minor Char. Plot explicitly Plot implicitly Protagonists

38. Makola John An Outpost … A Meeting ... Lou + Raymond Susana Guy The Force … Black Madonna Henry Identity A Pair of Jeans Orwell Shooting … Miriam Parvez C‘s wife Michael My Son … Second Hut Dead Men‘s Path Ali Bettina Nancy Minor Char. Plot explicitly Plot implicitly Protagonists

39. Carlier Carruthers An Outpost… Second Hut Kayerts Van Heerden Guy Colonial Hubris The Force… Good Advice… Muhammad Ali Orwell Shooting… Minor Char. Plot explicitly Plot implicitly Protagonists

40. Timeline http://www.timelines.info/history/empires_and_civilizations/british_empire/