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Fons Trompenaars . Riding the Waves of Culture. Understanding Cultural Diversity in Business. Valencia 10 th April 2008 . The old MBA paradigm. We know this right?. Lets now do it with one line. The new MBA paradigm: with ONE line. The new MBA paradigm. The new MBA paradigm.
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Fons Trompenaars Riding the Waves of Culture Understanding Cultural Diversity in Business Valencia 10th April 2008
We know this right? Lets now do it with one line.
Core Proposition “Successful leaders have the propensity and competence to help organizations and its teams reconcile dilemmas for better sustainable business performance”
This approach leads to concrete and measurable actions… Realize and Root Implement Reconciling Actions Impact Reconcile Resolve Cultural Differences Respect Appreciate Cultural Differences Recognize Increase Awareness Time
Approaching Dilemmas: Navigating Strategic Tensions To Create Wealth is to Combine Values that are not easily joined… Therefore scarce... Therefore profitable….
Our research reveals that propensity to reconcile dilemmas correlates with bottom line business performance Source: 21 Leaders for the 21st Century p429
What is Culture? Please define culture
Explicit Culture Implicit Culture A model of Culture
About Culture Is a dynamic process of solving human problems/dilemmas in the areas of… - Human Relationships - Time - Nature
01/ The Car Accident What happens to your friend?
01/ What Right has Your Friend? A. My friend has a definite right as a friend to expect me to testify to the lower figure. B. He has some right as a friend to expect me to testify to the lower figure. C. He has no right as a friend to expect me to testify to the lower figure.
01/ Dilemma: INTEGRITY • The top 2 of your corporate values are: • Integrity • We respect the cultures of others • Please discuss in the context of these values what your answer would be…
Universalism versus Particularism Individualism versus Communitarianism Neutral versus AffectiveSpecific versus DiffuseAchievement versus AscriptionSequential versus SynchronicInternal versus External Control 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
01/ Universalism vs Particularism • Consistency • Systems, standards & rules • Uniform procedures • Demand clarity • Flexibility • Pragmatic • Make exceptions • “It depends” • At ease with ambiguity
01/ Universalism Friend has no/some right and would not help
Universalism versus Particularism average score
01/ Dilemma: Globalism and Localism Global Standards (Critical Mass) Cultural Diversity (Differing solutions)
X(10,10) “Be like US” Small Nations Multi-Localism 01/ Globalize and Localism Global Standards (Critical Mass) Transnational Centers of Excellence Cultural Diversity (Differing solutions)
01/ Main Challenges 1. Mass-Customization 2. Co-Opetition 3. It is Cool to be Emotional 4. Moments of Truth 5. Servant Leader 6. Just In Time Synchronizing Sequences 7. Pushing through the Pull
Universalism versus Particularism Individualism versus Communitarianism Neutral versus AffectiveSpecific versus DiffuseAchievement versus AscriptionSequential versus SynchronicInternal versus External Control 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
02/ Individualism versus Communitarianism a) One said: ‘It is obvious that if one has as much freedom as possible and the maximum opportunity to develop oneself, the quality of one’s life would improve as a result.’ b) Another said: ‘If the individual is continuously taking care of his or her fellows then the quality of life for us all will improve, even if it obstructs individual freedom and individual development.’
02/ Individualism Percentage opting for Individual Freedom
Reward Individual Performance Stimulate Team Co-operation 02/ Dilemma Reconciliation The Individual and the Team
(1,10)Me, Myself and Withholding Information 02/ Dilemma Reconciliation The Individual and the Team Individual Motivation Team Motivation
Team Mediocrity 02/ Dilemma Reconciliation The Individual and the Team Individual Motivation Team Motivation
(5,5) Go for the Small team 02/ Dilemma Reconciliation The Individual and the Team Individual Motivation Team Motivation
(10,10) 02/ Dilemma Reconciliation The Individual and the Team Individual Motivation Reward Teams for Individual Creativity ANDReward Individuals for Team Work Team Motivation
02/ Main Challenges 1. Mass-Customization 2. Co-Opetition 3. It is Cool to be Emotional 4. Moments of Truth 5. Servant Leader 6. Just In Time Synchronizing Sequences 7. Pushing through the Pull
Universalism versus Particularism Individualism versus CommunitarianismNeutral versus AffectiveSpecific versus DiffuseAchievement versus AscriptionSequential versus SynchronicInternal versus External Control 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
03/ Neutral versus Affective In my society, it is considered unprofessional to express emotions overtly. Please select your position on the statement above: a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Be undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree
03/ Neutral versus Affective Percentage not expressing emotions overtly
03/ Neutral versus Affective Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) DILEMMA How to select the Right Person? Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
03/ Neutral versus Affective Emotions in Control
03/ Neutral versus Affective Emotions in Control
Analysis, Paralysis (1,10) 03/ Neutral versus Affective Emotions in Control Head in Control Heart in Passion
(10,1) Loving Neurotic 03/ Neutral Emotions in Control Head in Control Heart in Passion
(10,10) 03/ Neutral Emotions in Control Head in Control Continually checking what your heart communicates Heart in Passion
03/ Main Challenges 1. Mass-Customization 2. Co-Opetition 3. It is Cool to be Emotional 4. Moments of Truth 5. Servant Leader 6. Just In Time Synchronizing Sequences 7. Pushing through the Pull
Universalism versus Particularism Individualism versus Communitarianism Neutral versus AffectiveSpecific versus DiffuseAchievement versus AscriptionSequential versus SynchronicInternal versus External Control 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
04/ Specific versus Diffuse PUBLIC PRIVATE
04/ Specific versus Diffuse PUBLIC PUBLIC • Specific Relationship
04/ Specific versus Diffuse PUBLIC PRIVATE
No Relationship 04/ Specific versus Diffuse
04/ Specific versus Diffuse PRIVATE PRIVATE • Diffuse Relationship