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Respiratory Emergencies

Respiratory Emergencies. Respiratory Failure. A condition that occurs when respiratory system is unable to adequately exchange Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide between environment and tissues of the body. Respiratory Failure. PaO 2 < 60 mmHg PaCO 2 > 50 mmHg.

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Respiratory Emergencies

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  1. Respiratory Emergencies

  2. Respiratory Failure A condition that occurs when respiratory system is unable to adequately exchange Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide between environment and tissues of the body

  3. Respiratory Failure • PaO2 < 60 mmHg • PaCO2 > 50 mmHg

  4. Types of Respiratory Failure • Type I : Oxygenation Failure (Hypoxemic) • Type II : Ventilation Failure (Hypercapnic)

  5. Asthma Factors Determine Severe Asthma History: - Frequent Attacks - Excessive use of - Bronchodilators - Steroids - Previous admission to ICU

  6. Asthma Physical Examination • Inability to speak • Cyanosis • Respiratory rate >30/mt • Heart Rate >115/mt • Pulsus Paradoxus >10 mmHg • Silent chest

  7. Asthma Blood Gases • Respiratory acidosis • Hypoxemia (Low PO2) • Hypercapnia (High PCO2)

  8. FVC 100 75 50 25 FEV1 > 75% NORMAL = FVC 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TIME

  9. FVC 100 75 50 25 FEV1 Airway Obstruction = FEV1 < 75% FVC 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TIME

  10. Asthma Treatment • Oxygen by Mask • Salbutamol (Ventolin) inhaler • Aminophylline I.V • Corticosteroids

  11. Pulmonary Edema Risk Factors: - Ischemic Heart Disease • Smoking • DM • HTN • ↑Lipids - Rheumatic Heart Disease Symptoms: - Shortness of Breath - PND - Orthopnea

  12. Pulmonary Edema Physical Examination: - Gallop Rhythm - ↑JVP - Basal Crackles - Lower Limb Edema Investigations:- CXR,ECG,ECHO Treatment :- Oxygen - Diuretics - Digoxin - After load Reduction

  13. Pneumothorax • Traumatic • Spontaneous -Tall Thin

  14. Pneumothorax Treatment: • Immediate Needle Insertion (Second Intercostal Space)

  15. Pneumothorax Treatment: • Chest Tube Insertion

  16. Pneumonia History:- Cough - Shortness of Breath - Fever - Sputum Examination: - Dullness - ↑ Vocal fremitus - Bronchial Breathing - Crackles Treatment: - Oxygen - Antibiotics

  17. Pulmonary Embolism Predisposing factors: - Immobilization - Recent surgery - Hyper coagulable state

  18. Massive Pulmonary Embolism Treatment: • Thrombolytic Therapy • Heparin • Warfarin

  19. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Causes: - Aspiration Pneumonia - Near Drowning - Chest Trauma - Severe Pneumonia

  20. Atelectasis Causes: • Foreign body • Endobronchial lesion • Excessive secretions

  21. Respiratory Failure Type II : Ventilation Failure (Hypercapnic)

  22. Causes Of Respiratory Failure Outside The Lung

  23. Respiratory Failure COPD: Causes: • Emphysema • Chronic Bronchitis

  24. Shortness of Breath on Exertion

  25. Pursed Lip Breathing

  26. FVC 100 75 50 25 FEV1 > 75% NORMAL = FVC 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TIME

  27. FVC 100 75 50 25 FEV1 Airway Obstruction = FEV1 < 75% FVC 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TIME

  28. COPD Treatment: • Oxygenation • Ventolin Inhalation • Atrovent Inhalation • Steroids • Antibiotics

  29. END

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