The Wright House Wellness Center

1. The Wright House Wellness Center HIV/AIDS Prevention Program Austin, Texas

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3. H I V

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6. A I D S

7. When does an HIV+ person have AIDS? An HIV-infected person�s t-cell count drops below 200 (T-cells are the generals of our immune system�s army: they tell other parts of our immune systems to fight. HIV attacks T-cells directly and turns T-cells into HIV factories.) An infected person gets one or more opportunistic infections (OIs) such as: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) Kaposi�s Sarcoma Thrush (yeast infections usually found in the mouth and throat

8. There are many other Opportunistic Infections (OIs) that an HIV+ person can get when his or her immune system is beaten down enough.

9. How does a person get HIV? HIV enters the bloodstream through: Sexual Contact Open Cuts Breaks in the skin Mucous membranes Direct injection

10. HIV Transmission Common fluids that are a means of transmission: Blood Semen Vaginal Secretions Breast Milk

11. HIV in Body Fluids

12. Most cases of HIV are spread through unprotected sex! Unprotected ANAL sex Unprotected VAGINAL sex Unprotected ORAL sex Sexual Contact Includes: Male-to-male Male-to-female or vice versa Female-to-female HIV Routes of Transmission

13. Blood Exposure: Transfusion of blood products Occupational exposure Injecting drug use/needle sharing If you use a syringe that has been previously used, Blood is left in the syringe, if the blood is HIV-infected, you will be shooting HIV into your blood stream. Tattoo and piercing needles are less dangerous, but can still transmit HIV, and especially Hepatitis-C HIV Routes of Transmission

14. Perinatal: Transmission from mom to baby during birth Breastfeeding There is now a very good chance that HIV+ mothers will not pass their infection to their babies if they GET INO and STAY IN medical care. However, breastfeeding is NOT recommended for HIV+ mothers. Ask your doctor or a midwife about alternatives. HIV Routes of Transmission

15. In an infected person, HIV lives all throughout the inside of the body. But for YOU to get HIV from an infected person, you must come in contact with one of these four fluids: Blood Semen / pre-cum Vaginal fluids Breast Milk In order for these fluids to infect you, TWO things have to happen: The fluids have to be infected with HIV The fluid has to get INTO your body (through a �Port of Entry� HIV Routes of Transmission

16. Importance of Early Testing and Diagnosis Allows for early treatment to maintain and stabilize the immune system response Decreases risk of HIV transmission from mother to newborn baby Allows for risk reduction education to reduce or eliminate high-risk behavior

17. Window Period This is the period of time after becoming infected when an HIV test is negative Even if the level of HIV in your body is so low that the test can�t detect it, it�s still there, and you can infect others. Also, even it the level of HIV in the other person�s body is so low the test can�t detect it, it�s still there, and it can still infect you!

19. Window Period 90 percent of cases test positive within three months of exposure 10 percent of cases test positive within three to six months of exposure

20. HIV Infection and Antibody Response

21. HIV Infection and Antibody Response

22. HIV Infection and Antibody Response

23. HIV-Infected T-Cell

24. HIV Testing Requires a blood or swab sample HIV test detects the body�s antibody response to HIV infection The test does NOT detect the HIV virus

25. HIV Testing Confidential vs. anonymous testing Testing offered free-of-charge at various sites for those at risk Test results are available within a week or within twenty minutes depending on type of test given

26. HIV Testing Those recently exposed should be retested at three months after their last exposure Screening test (EIA/ELISA) vs. confirmatory test (IFA) EIA/ELISA also known as swab or venipuncture test Repeat EIA/ELISA IFA also known as Western Blot Test (99% accurate) Positive reaction for all means you are positive for HIV

28. Texas Law for HIV Testing Requires informed consent according to confidentiality laws of the State of Texas No pre-marital testing requirement

29. Texas LawFor Pre-Natal Testing

31.  A recent ruling (Feb 7, 2007) by the Attorney General of Texas states that the Texas Board of Criminal Justice is permitted to mandate HIV testing among inmates upon entry to state prisons. Unlike many state prison systems, Texas has clearly formulated standards of care for HIV treatment that adhere closely to the U.S. Public Health Services guidelines and includes a hospice for those dying of AIDS.

32.  Once a person is infected they are always infected Many medications are available that treat HIV but there is no cure Those who are infected are capable of infecting others without having symptoms or knowing of the infection. The disease can be undetectable but still there.

33. HIV Risk Reduction Limit multiple partners by maintaining a long-term relationship with one person Talk to your partner about being tested before you begin a sexual relationship

34. �You can�t talk about HIV without talking about drug use and you can�t talk about drug use without talking about HIV.� Dr. Shaintay Abudu

35. HIV Risk Reduction Avoid drug and alcohol use to maintain good judgment Don�t share needles used by others for: Drugs Tattoos Body piercing Avoid exposure to blood products

36. Condoms Using condoms is not 100 percent effective in preventing transmission of sexually transmitted infections including HIV

37. Condom Use Don�t store in heat/sun, wallet or glove box Know the expiration date Should be used consistently and correctly Should be either latex or polyurethane Should be discussed with your partner before the sexual act begins Should be the responsibility of both partners for the protection of both partners Male and female condoms are available Learn how to dispose of condoms safely

38. People Infected with HIV Can look healthy Can be unaware of their infection Can live long productive lives when their HIV infection is managed Can infect people when they engage in high-risk behavior

39. HIV Exposure and Infection Some people have been exposed one time and become infected

40. �When you have sex with someone, you are having sex with everyone they have had sex with for the last ten years.� Former Surgeon General C. Everett Koop

41. HIV and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

42. HIV and Sexually Transmitted Diseases STDs increase infectivity of HIV A person co-infected with an STD and HIV may be more likely to transmit HIV More white blood cells, some carrying HIV, may be present in the mucosa of the genital area due to a sexually transmitted infection

43. HIV and Sexually Transmitted Diseases STDs increase the susceptibility to HIV Ulcerative and inflammatory STDs compromise the mucosal or cutaneous surfaces of the genital tract that normally act as a barrier against HIV Ulcerative STDs include: syphilis, chancroid, and genital herpes Inflammatory STDs include: chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis

44. HIV and Sexually Transmitted Diseases The effect of HIV infection on the immune system increases the the risk of STDs A suppressed immune response due to HIV can: Increase the reactivation of genital ulcers Increase the rate of abnormal cell growth Increase the difficulty in curing reactivated or newly acquired genital ulcers Increase the risk of becoming infected with additional STDs