KKK 3505 Internet Programming Pn Siti Mariam Shafie mariam@eng.upm.edu.my

KKK 3505 Internet Programming Pn Siti Mariam Shafie mariam@eng.upm.edu.my

Schedule

Reference Books • Internet and World Wide Web How to Program, Deitel and Deitel • Programming the World Wide Web, 2nd Edition, Robert W. Sebesta • Mastering HTML 4, 2nd Edition, D.S. Ray and E.J. Ray • Learning XML: Guide to Creating Self – Describing Data, Erik T. Ray

Syllabus • HTML • SGML AND XML • JAVASCRIPT • PERL/CGI

Assessment Assignment : 20% Mini Project : 10% Test I : 20 % Test II : 20% Final : 30 %

What is the Internet? • Internet is a collection of millions of computers, all linked together on a computer network. The network allows all of the computers to communicate with one another using TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) • A home computer may be linked to the Internet using a phone-line modem, DSL or cable modem that talks to an Internet service provider (ISP).

What is an IP Address? • Every computer connected to Internet has unique IP address • The Internet Protocol (IP) address is a unique 32-bit number • Written as four 8-bit numbers, separated by periods eg: 192.168.0.12

What are Domain Names? • Because most people have trouble remembering the strings of numbers that make up an IP addresses, then all servers have human readable-names called domain names • There maybe two, three or more domain names. eg: www.eng.upm.edu.my defines a computer called eng, located in UPM, an educational institution in Malaysia where www is a host name. • The host name and all the domain names are together called a fully qualified domain name.

World Wide Web (WWW) • Known as WWW or Web or W3 • It is a system that allow people around the world to use the Internet to exchange documents via http, ftp, telnet • Allows computer users to locate and view documents (text, graphics, animations, audios, videos)

Web Browsers • Documents provided by servers on the Web are requested by browsers, which are programs running on client machines • Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator are the most popular web browsers.

Web Servers • Web servers are programs that provide documents to requesting browsers. • The most commonly used Web servers are Apache and Internet Information Server (IIS) from Microsoft

Uniform Resource Locator (URL) • Used to identify documents on the Internet • General format: • scheme:object-address • Scheme is often a communications protocol include http, ftp, gopher, telnet, file, mailto and news • http protocol supports the Web used to request and send HTML documents. • eg: http://www.eng.upm.edu.my

Tools for creating HTML documents • HTML editor • Notepad • WYSIWYG HTML editor • FrontPage • Dreamweaver

HTML - Introduction • HTML has a central role in the Web • A simple format for describing the structure of hypertext or hypermedia documents - plain text (ASCII) files with embedded codes for logical markup • Not designed to be the language of a WYSIWYG word processor such as Word or WordPerfect • Formally an SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) application

Basics HTML tags • In HTML, the document is structured into elements, marked up by tags that are keywords contained in pairs of angle brackets. • Each document is structured into two parts - <head> and <body>. The head contains the information which is information about the document that is not generally displayed with the document, such as its <title>. The body contains the actual text that is made up of paragraphs, lists, and other elements. The contents of the body is displayed in a browser window.

Basics HTML tags • Every HTML document should contain certain standard elements. The required elements are: • <html></html> encloses the entire document and defines it as HTML document. • <head></head> comes after the opening <html> tag and contains the <title>. • <title></title> contains the name of the document and must be enclosed by <head> tags. • <body></body> contains all the rest of the document. • The minimal HTML document could contain just those elements (such document, however, will remain empty on screen, since its body is empty)

Example 1: Minimal HTML document <html> <head> <title>Internet programming</title> </head> <body> </body> </html>

Document head • The head element contains general information, or meta-information, about the document. What element can appear in the head depends on HTML version. Some elements: • <title> • The title of the document. All document must have a title. • <base> • A record of the original URI of the document: this allows you to move the document to a new location and have relative URIs access the appropriate place with respect to the original URI.

<link> • Defines the relationship(s) between this document and another or others. A document can have several <link> elements. • <meta> • A container for document metainformation. • <style> • Stylesheet instructions, written in a stylesheet language. Stylesheet instructions specify how the document should be formatted for display. • <script> • A code of client-side script in the document. Example languages are JavaScript and VBScript.

Example 1: Sample head of HTML document <head> <title>Internet programming</title> <base href="http://www.it.lut.fi/index.html"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" ref="courses.css"> <link href="toc.html" rel="contents"> <link href="slide2.html" rel="next"> <style> BODY,TD,TH,UL,DL,OL,H1,H2,H3,H4 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .smaller { font-size: 9pt; } </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="foo.js" charset="ISO-8859-1">  </script> </head>

KKK 3505 Internet Programming Pn Siti Mariam Shafie mariam@eng.upm.edu.my