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HOWDY AGS!

This course explores the biomechanics of human movement during physical activity and exercise, including the biology and mechanics of the human movement system. Topics include skeletal muscle, connective tissue, guidance systems, and optimizing performance.

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HOWDY AGS!

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  1. Welcome to KINE 426! Exercise Biomechanics HOWDY AGS!

  2. Dr. John Lawler - lecture instructor Clay Duval, Kumar Joshi: laboratory assistants John Lawler - support Exercise Biomechanics Traditional class name: Kinesiology KINE 426

  3. Exercise Biomechanics KINE 426 Usain Bolt

  4. Bee Prepared! Read presentations and lab materials ahead. Take Notes during class Study Nightly KINE 426

  5. Kinesiology – The Science of Movement • Kinein – to move • Logos – to discourse or study in a scientific manner

  6. Represents the human body as a mechanical system or machine Involves the application of physics and engineering principles during analysis of locomotion (walking, running, etc.), exercise, athletic activities, and rehabilitation (PT, OT, cardiac rehab.) Young discipline --> Technology Computer-equipment interface, cell & molecular biology Exercise Biomechanics

  7. Young discipline --> Technology Computer-equipment interface, cell & molecular biology Digital Video Exercise Biomechanics

  8. Young discipline --> Technology: hands-on Exercise Biomechanics

  9. Course Content and Design • Based on a description and set of standards proposed by the American Alliance of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (AAHPERD) in 1991 • Course Description: “An integrative, mechanistic study of the biomechanics human motion during physical activity and exercise: biology and mechanical properties of the human movement system including bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, skeletal muscle, joints, and other whole body mechanisms are investigated.”

  10. Skeletal muscle - driving force & power Connective tissue Bones Tendons Ligaments Cartilage Fascia - skeletal muscle Guidance system - receptors (ex. muscle spindles) Processors (brain, spinal cord, motorneurons) The Human Mechanical System(Human Movement System)

  11. *Optimizing performance, health benefits of exercise Minimizing chronic disease risk, physical fitness, brain development/preservation Doing our best in athletic events Playing safe Pre-hab: preparing connective tissues, muscle Re-hab: promoting recovery after injury Using Exercise Biomechanics

  12. Integration of Disciplines --> --> Exercise Biomechanics • Anatomy – the study of body structure and function • Gross (whole body) anatomy • Cellular anatomy • Physiology – study of the integrated function of cells, tissues, and organ systems • Mechanics – branch of physics which studies forces and their effects on mechanical structures

  13. Integration of Disciplines --> --> Exercise Biomechanics • Statics - branch of mechanics dealing with systems in a constant state of motion • Dynamics - branch of mechanics dealing with systems subject to acceleration • Biomechanics: “Application of mechanical principles in the study of living organisms and their function”

  14. ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY MECHANICS BIOMECHANICS SPORTS MEDICINE EXERCISE BIOMECHANICS

  15. Integrative, problem solving approach to Exercise Biomechanics “Your mind should be a place where you work things out, not store a bunch of stuff.”- Albert Einstein

  16. Get on Board!

  17. Get on Board! Things move fast in the Summer!

  18. Let’s Jump into Biomechanics!

  19. It’s all about You diligence

  20. Exercise BiomechanicsCourse Structure • A. Whole Body Biomechanics • Modeling mechanics - exercise • Exercise Applications • Performance techniques • Injury prevention, Rehabilitation • Use, design of exercise, sports equipment • Applications to daily living • Design of furniture • Workplace design (Ergonomics)

  21. Exercise BiomechanicsCourse Structure • B. Tissue Biomechanics - components • Bones • Tendons • Ligaments • Cartilage • Injury prevention, Rehabilitation

  22. Exercise BiomechanicsCourse Structure • C. Skeletal Muscle & Joint Biomechanics • Generation of force, velocity, power • TORQUE @ joints • Running • Back injuries • Weight training machines

  23. Applications (what’s in it for me?) – Teacher Certification • Understanding the capabilities and limitations of students • Developing age-appropriate activities • Developing activities which are fun, safe, and of benefit to student health

  24. Applications – Wellness/Sports Management • Understanding the health maintenance and rehabilitative processes in: • Adult fitness • Qualified personnel • (ACSM certification) National Strength and Conditioning Association, KINE degree)

  25. Applications – Applied & Basic Exercise Physiology, Motor Learning • Understanding the health maintenance and rehabilitative processes in: • Athletic training • Triage of sports injuries • Rehab • Conditioning

  26. Applications – Applied & Basic Exercise Physiology, Motor Learning • Understanding the health maintenance and rehabilitative processes in: • Cardiac Rehabilitation

  27. Applications – Applied & Basic Exercise Physiology, Motor Learning • Understanding the health maintenance and rehabilitative processes in: • Physical Therapy • Rehab after surgery • Orthopedic injury

  28. Applications – Applied & Basic Exercise Physiology, Motor Learning • Understanding the health maintenance and rehabilitative processes in: • Occupational Therapy • Relearning tasks of daily living

  29. Applications – Applied & Basic Exercise Physiology, Motor Learning • Understanding the health maintenance and rehabilitative processes in: • Medicine • Diagnosing sprain severity • ACL graft surgery • Prosthetics • Arthritis

  30. Applications – Applied & Basic Exercise Physiology, Motor Learning • Understanding the health maintenance and rehabilitative processes in: * Nursing • Recovery from Orthopedic surgery

  31. Applications – Applied & Basic Exercise Physiology, Motor Learning *Graduate School Research Aging Osteoporosis Parkinson’s Exercise Sedentary lifestyle Diabetes Cardiovascular disease Obesity Muscular dystrophy Spaceflight http://hlknweb.tamu.edu http://redox.tamu.edu •KINE 485 •Internships •Work Study

  32. Applications – Outdoor Education/Recreation • Knowing the physical limitations of human performance in outdoor recreation • Understanding the technical aspects of equipment use and design

  33. Complexity of Human Movement In order to understand the basics, we will use the underlying principle of the human body as a mechanical machine.

  34. Human-made Machine Wears out with use Must replace damaged parts with new ones Designed for a limited number of purposes IBM Deep Blue vs Garry Kasparov (1997) 2-1-3 Human Machine May improve with use Can repair itself (within limits) Torn ligaments Damaged cartilage Compound fracture Capable of learning (diversity of purposes)

  35. Critical Thinking in Biomechanics: Asking how…? How do forces produced by muscles create movement at the joints? How are running shoes designed to reduce injury and improve running performance? How does joint cartilage act as a shock absorber? How does genetics play a role in muscle power? How do we design of prosthetics (artificial knee) to optimize function?

  36. Critical Thinking in Biomechanics: Asking How…? How?

  37. Critical Thinking in Biomechanics: Asking why, how …? • How do muscle forces create torque at joints • The ability to produce rotation Fm joint torque

  38. Critical Thinking in Biomechanics: Asking why, how …? • Why are rotator cuff injuries common in swimming and in baseball/softball? • Why does a curve ball curve? • Why do joint sprains often take so long to heal? • Why are bone fractures common in the elderly? Critical thinking is an important part of biomechanical analysis

  39. Historical Timeline • Aristotle (382 – 322 BC) • Student of Plato • Founded own school (lyceum) • Wrote extensively on philosophy, politics, logic, natural sciences, and physics • Much of his complete works were lost • Pictured the human body as a machine: muscles cause an action which moves the bones at the joints

  40. Historical Timeline • Leonardo DaVinci(1452 – 1519) • Artist • Mona Lisa, Last Supper • Scientist • Anatomist (one of the first scientists to make a detailed record of human dissections) • Detailed descriptions of design of skeleton • Illustrated muscle origins and insertions

  41. Historical Timeline • Sir Isaac Newton (1643 – 1727) • Developed basic Laws of Motion • Invented calculus • Developed the theory of gravity which was held until updated by Einstein’s theories • Founder of the Royal Academy of Sciences • Despite his contributions to science, Newton’s primary investigations were into Biblical text

  42. Historical Timeline • Thomas Alva Edison (from Menlo Park, NJ) • 1093 inventions including: • the electric light bulb, voice transmitter (amplifier), answering machine, and phonograph • Invented motion pictures in 1888 • He used a roll of film called a kinetoscope • Quote from Edison: “Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration.”

  43. Historical Timeline • Computers • transistor (1940s - common by ‘60s) • microcomputers • 1960s: NASA • 1970s: research • 1980s: public - Apple, IBM, Compaq, Dell, etc.

  44. Historical Timeline • Digital Video • 1990s • Equipment • DV cameras • DVRs • Easy to interface with computer, video

  45. Historical Timeline • Exercise Biomechanics is only reaching maturity as a science • Principles - many are quite old and applied by Engineers for machines - Engineering approach to mechanics of the human body • Technology • Film analysis; Digital video analysis • Interfacing with computers • Tools of cellular and molecular biology

  46. Historical Timeline Biomaterials • Exercise Biomechanics is only reaching maturity as a science Gait analysis http://www.datlof.com/8Axamal/docs/Marketing/jhu/JE/index.htm

  47. Current Applications of Biomechanics • Orthopedic Surgeons and EngineersEXAMPLES: http://www.nisss.org/publications.html • Design of artificial hips and knees (prosthetics) • Design of support devices (knee braces, etc.) • Synthetic and natural replacements for structural tissues (cartilage replacement)

  48. Current Applications of Biomechanics • Physiologists and Engineers EXAMPLES: • Response of bone and connective tissue (ligaments, tendons) to exercise training

  49. Current Applications of Biomechanics • Space Scientists (NASA) EXAMPLES: • Adaptation to low gravity environments • Bone loss • Atrophy of skeletal muscle • Loss of blood volume, CV function • Orthostatic intolerance (fainting)

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