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Welcome to AP Biology 

Welcome to AP Biology . Agenda: 8/26/13 Registration Course Expectations Student Info Sheets / Safety Contracts AP Bio info HW – Student Survey. AP Biology. Class Expectations found on Durango Website http://www.durangohighschool.net /

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Welcome to AP Biology 

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  1. Welcome to AP Biology  • Agenda: 8/26/13 • Registration • Course Expectations • Student Info Sheets / Safety Contracts • AP Bio info • HW – Student Survey

  2. AP Biology • Class Expectations found on Durango Website http://www.durangohighschool.net/ • Course Information, supplemental materials, AP test info go to www.collegeboard.com • Online Textbook/Notes go to http://www.course-notes.org/Biology/Slides/Campbells_Biology_7th_Edition

  3. Course Expectations Signature Page & Safety Contracts due WEDNESDAY!!! • 1st AP lab is Thurs & Fri

  4. Course Break Down (Learning Objectives) • Big Idea 1: EvolutionThe process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life. • Big Idea 2: Cellular Processes: Energy and CommunicationBiological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce, and to maintain dynamic homeostasis. • Big Idea 3: Genetics and Information TransferLiving systems store, retrieve, transmit, and respond to information essential to life processes. • Big Idea 4: InteractionsBiological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties.

  5. AP Biology Test • Monday, May 12 • http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/biology/exam.html?biology • Multiple Choice (63 questions) & Grid-In (6 questions, math) • 90 minutes • 50% • Free Response (2 Long-FR, 6 Short-FR) • 80 minutes + 10 minute reading period • 50%

  6. AP Bio Binder  a must-have! • 3-ring binder (2-inch or two smaller ones) • Loose-leaf paper • 16 tabs=AP Biology Units 2013-2014 • Experimental Design • Carbon/Biomolecules • Energy/Enzymes • Cells • Cell Transport • Cell Signaling • Cellular Respiration • Photosynthesis • Cell Cycle • Genetics • DNA • Protein Synthesis • Gene Regulation • Evolution • Animal Form & Function • Ecology

  7. Homework – Student Survey • On a separate sheet of paper please tell me about yourself in 1 page. Must include the following: • Interests/hobbies/family • Past Science courses • How you learn best / learning style • Goals for AP Biology • Goals for your future • Due Tomorrow!

  8. Welcome to AP Biology ~ Day 2 • Agenda: 8/27/13 • Collect Student Info Sheets/Safety Contracts • Review Safety/Sci Method • Designing a Controlled Experiment • HW –Study of Life Review PowerPoint • Quiz 1 will be next WEDNESDAY (9/4/13) • Covers review materials: Study of Life Review, Lab Safety, Scientific Method, Designing a Controlled Experiment/Experimental Design

  9. Lab Safety Tour • Questions?

  10. The Scientific Method& Experimental Design

  11. What is Inquiry? • Begins with observations you make about the natural world, followed by a question. • What is causing that? • Use a variety of methods to answer the questions you raise • Lab & field investigations, models, simulations, data sets • Scientific method of investigation is cyclic, not linear…why?

  12. The Scientific Method: • Make Observation • Statement of problem, ask a question • Hypothesis: propose a tentative answer • Design & conduct an experiment (Use quantifiable data  math is extremely important) • Use statistical tests to evaluate the significance of your results (Χ2 test, null hypothesis) • Acceptance or rejection of hypothesis.

  13. Figure 1.24 Data • Are recorded observations • Can be quantitative or qualitative

  14. The Role of Hypotheses in Inquiry • In science, a hypothesis • Is a tentative answer to a well-framed question, an explanation on trial • Makes predictions that can be tested

  15. Observations Questions Hypothesis # 1:Dead batteries Hypothesis # 2:Burnt-out bulb Prediction: Replacing bulb will fix problem Prediction: Replacing batteries will fix problem Test prediction Test prediction Figure 1.25 Test does not falsify hypothesis Test falsifies hypothesis • We all use hypotheses in solving everyday problems

  16. A Closer Look at Hypotheses in Scientific Inquiry • A scientific hypothesis must have two important qualities • It must be testable • It must have the potential of being rejected "No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right, one single experiment can prove me wrong." --- Albert Einstein.

  17. Designing Controlled Experiments • In controlled experimentswe start with two (or more) groups that are as similar as possible and we devise a method to manipulate only ONE variable. • Independent Variable =the variable that is manipulated • Dependent Variable = the response that is measured

  18. Null Hypothesis • The premise that any observed differences are simply the result of random differences • When quantified observations, or data, are collected, statistical methods are used to calculate the likelihood that the null hypothesis is correct.

  19. Designing a Controlled Experiment • Labs, Inquiry, and Lab Reports are a HUGE part of AP Biology • You may work with ONE partner in this activity to review the components of a controlled activity. Each student must complete their own booklet. • At the end, you will practice designing your own controlled experiment. • You will have some class time today and tomorrow, Due Thursday!

  20. 8/27/13 HOMEWORK • Read through the following Biology Review PowerPoint. • Make sure that you remember/understand EVERYTHING • If not, be prepared to ask questions tomorrow! • This material will be covered on your first quiz!

  21. Study of Life Themes

  22. Themes • Science as a process of inquiry • questioning & investigation • Evolution • Energy transfer • Continuity & Change • Relationship of structure to function • Regulation • Interdependence in nature • Science, technology & society

  23. Science as a process of inquiry

  24. Science as a process of inquiry • Built on repeatable observations & testable, falsifiable hypotheses

  25. Falsifiable • A hypothesis is falsifiable if you can design and perform and experiment to show you that it is wrong, if it is wrong (meaning, it can be tested). • EXAMPLES: • Falsifiable – Increasing the amount of water given to a plant will increase its growth • NOT Falsifiable – • Giving a plant more water will make it happier.

  26. Charles Darwin Evolution • Core theme of biology

  27. Natural selection • Evolutionary change is a product of the process of natural selection Organisms don’t adapt; Organisms haveadaptations.

  28. "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution." -- Theodosius DobzhanskyMarch 1973 Geneticist, Columbia University (1900-1975)

  29. Evolution explains unity & diversity • Unity • what do organisms have in common & why do similarities exist? • common biochemistry & physiology • evolutionary relationships • connected through common ancestor • Diversity • but why are there differences? • natural selection • adaptations allow different individuals to survive in different environments

  30. Organizing systems • Making sense out of the diversity • Hierarchical scheme Eastern gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis

  31. 3 Domains of Life Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

  32. Energy transfer • Life is an open system • need input of energy • energyflows through • energy comes in,energy goes out • need a constant input • need input of materials • nutrients are recycled around & around nutrients ENTROPY RULES! DECOMPOSERS RULE, too!

  33. Energy utilization You think they’re eating…They’re harvestingenergy!

  34. Continuity & change • Continuity of life is based on heritableinformation in the form of DNA • DNA – the genetic material – carries biological information from one generation to the next T R A I T You can make more,a lot like you!

  35. Structure and function • The alignment of structure & function is seen at all levels of biology organ organism organelle cell

  36. Regulation • Organisms need to maintain a “steady state” in the face of changing conditions • Homeostasis • achieve this through feedback • monitor the body like a thermostat • turn on when it’s needed, off when its not

  37. Interdependence in Nature • No organism is an island standing alone • communities, ecosystems

  38. Science, technology & society • Science & technology must function within the rules of society • ethics

  39. Themes • Science as a process of inquiry • questioning & investigation • Evolution • Energy transfer • Continuity & Change • Relationship of structure to function • Regulation • Interdependence in nature • Science, technology & society

  40. Why study themes of Biology? • Biology is an ever expanding body of knowledge • too much to memorize it all • need to generalize • create a framework upon which to organize new knowledge • themes are the key to understanding the nature of living organisms

  41. Homework • Be sure to write down any questions you may have and bring to class tomorrow!

  42. Agenda: Wed 8/28/13 • Collect any signature pages • Review Data collection & Graphing • Homework – Finish Designing a Controlled Experiment • DUE TOMORROW! ***Quiz 1 will be next WEDNESDAY (9/4/13) • Covers review materials: Study of Life Review, Lab Safety, Scientific Method, Designing a Controlled Experiment/Experimental Design

  43. Data Tables & Graphing Review

  44. Working with DATA • When you work with data during an experiment, you need to: • Make accurate and precise measurements. • Account for error in measured values • Develop techniques and consistency for collecting data • Understand the units and properties of the data. • Make observations of trends and patterns in the data. • Produce visual representation of data, GRAPHS and CHARTS.

  45. Working with Data Continued • When you work with data during an experiment, you need to: • Use mathematical equations to model data. • Use mathematical models to make predictions of trends. • Test the fitness of models using statistical tests.

  46. What type of graph is best/most commonly used in scientific research? • LINE GRAPH!!!!

  47. Introduction to Graphing Techniques

  48. Introduction to Graphing Techniques • Identify the independent and dependent variable. • The independent variable is carefully controlled and varied by a specific amount during an experiment. It is plotted on the x-axis. • The dependent variable must be measured every time the independent variable is changed during the experiment. It is plotted on the y-axis. • Choose your scale carefully (must be consistent intervals). Make your graph as large as possible by spreading out the data on each axis. Let each square grid on your axis represent a convenient interval. Do not number every grid on your axis. • Plot each point as a dark dot

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