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Assignment # Classification Systems

Assignment # Classification Systems. Mrs. McCarthy Biology Tuesday, July 15, 2014. Taxonomy – branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on their shared characteristics John Ray (mid 1600’s)- father of natural history First to use the term “ classification ”

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Assignment # Classification Systems

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  1. Assignment #Classification Systems Mrs. McCarthy Biology Tuesday, July 15, 2014

  2. Taxonomy – branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on their shared characteristics • John Ray (mid 1600’s)- father of natural history • First to use the term “classification” • Species- group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

  3. B. Carolus Linnaeus- father of modern methods of classification 1. Created the taxonomic categories that go from general to very specific: Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

  4. II. Naming Organisms A. Nomenclature- set or system of names or terms B. Binomial Nomenclature- two word system to name species

  5. C. Scientific names are written in a specific way: 1. Homo sapien 2. The genus is a noun and the second word is an adjective that describes the noun 3. The genus name is always capitalized and the species name is always written in lower case 4. The scientific name is always italicized. 5. Felis domesticus- means domesticated, or house, cat 6. Latin is always used because it is a dead, or unspoken language

  6. 7. Latin is the universal language for science- used in all countries around the world 8. Scientific names are better to use than common names because they are more specific to an organism 9. Armadillium vulgare- can also be known as the woodlouse or pill bug or roly poly

  7. III. Theory of Evolution A. Organisms changed by the process of natural selection and that organisms are related by similar structures 1. Phylogeny- evolutionary history of a particular species 2. Phylogenetic trees- a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various species believed to have a common ancestor

  8. IV. Taxonomists use specific information to help them classify organisms. A. Structural Information- what particular body structures look like B. Biochemical- what the chemicals and processes make up an organism’s body C. Cytological- how an organism functions on the cellular level D. Embryological- what a developing embryo looks like

  9. E. Behavioral- what types of behavior is exhibited by the species 1. Example: Crickets can be distinguished by their mating calls F. Fossil- What a species relationship to previous organisms appear to be V. Dichotomous Key- yes or no questions that allow you to identify something A. It is based on whether or not an organism has a skeletal system.

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