专转本统一考试 大学英语（ I ）

1. 专转本统一考试大学英语（I） Lecturer: Echo Ge

2. 试卷结构分析 • Part I 阅读 40分 • Part II 单词与结构 40分 • Part III 完型填空 20分 • Part IV 翻译（英译中） 20分 • Part V 翻译（中译英） 15分 • Part VI 写作 15分 _____________________________________________________ 150 分

3. 试卷结构分析 • 语法与词汇 Part II/Part III/Part IV/Part V 95分 64% • 阅读 Part I 40分 26% • 写作 Part VI 15分 10% ______________________________________________________________ 150 分 100%

4. 语法与词汇 • 语法词汇考点筛查 （P1-P10) • 语法考前浓缩版 （P97-P105) • 词汇100预测 （P13-15)

5. 语法考前浓缩版（P97-P105) • 介词 38 • 分词 41-45； 47；48 • 独立主格 46 • 从句 49；51； 53-56 • 倍数 50 • 倒装 52 • 时态 1-3 • 被动 2-10 • 虚拟语气 11-14 • 情态动词 16；40 • 并列结构 17；39 • 主谓一致 19-25 • 反意疑问句 26 • 动名词 27；19；30 • 不定式 28；31-37

6. Grammar • 基本概念 • 词性 • 名词 • 动词 （及物动词/不及物动词） • 介词 （+名词） • 形容词 （修饰 名词） • 副词 （修饰 动词/形容词）

7. Grammar • 基本概念 • 句子结构 • 不是主从句，或者无连词 （and, but, etc.), 两个独立的句子不可直接逗号隔开，放在一个句子内。 • She is a teacher, she is beautiful. • 不是被动形式，及物动词后必须加宾语。 • She fininshed. • have done (sth.)不出现在谓语部分，出现在分词，不定式或情态动词后，都表示“过去”的动作。 • She must have finished her job.

8. Grammar • Tense（时态） • 一般现在时 • 客观真理，科学事实及不受时间限制的客观存在 • The earth moves around the sun. • 报刊杂志，书籍等不强调过去时间，单纯表示客观 • 事实 • The article describes social problem. • 在时间或条件状语从句中， 分句里用一般现在时代 • 替将来时。（When; unless; if…) • When you come next time, I’ll show you around • our campus.

9. Grammar • 在让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。 • (Whether; no matter + 疑问词…) • Whether he drives or takes the train, he’ll be here • on time. (不论是否…) • 在 see (to it)/make sure + that从句中，用一般现在 • 时代替将来时。 • Make sure (that) you pick me up at five. • Tense（时态）

10. Grammar • Tense（时态） • 一般过去时 • used to do sth. 与 be/get used to doing sth. 的区别 • used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 • get/be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 • He used to go to that museum.

11. Grammar • Tense（时态） • 一般将来时 • be going to do sth. / be about to do sth. 将要…… • be about to 比 be going to 表示更近的未来 •  表示将来的副词（短语）一般与be going to 连用， • 如 tomorrow • They are going to hold a party tomorrow. • The sun is about to sink to the west.

12. Grammar • be to do sth. 1. 预定 2. 义务 3. 可能 4. 命令或吩咐 • He is to return from Germany tomorrow. (预定） • You are to be back by 9 o’clock. (义务） • Suppose he comes here, when am I to tell him? （可能） • you are not to stay too late outside. （命令） • Tense（时态）

13. Grammar • be + V-ing 表示将来 • come; go; leave; arrive; start; take off; retire… • We are leaving for New York after the performance. • Notice:当表示转移的动词，如come, go , arrive, leave, start…, 用一般现在时  预定的行为，已事先安排好，不容易改变 • The plane takes off at 3 p.m. • Tense（时态）

14. Grammar • Tense（时态） • 完成时 • 现在完成时 • 1. 已完成的动作对现在造成的影响 • 2. 未完成的动作持续到现在的情况 • 常与for, since 连用 • I have worked here since I graduated. • He has been here for about three months.

15. Grammar • 现在完成时 • Tense（时态） • II. 可与一些表示不定时间的状语连用 • 如： already, yet, lately, rarely; ever, just, so far, • until now… • He has just come back. • III. 不可与瞬间动作的动词连用。 • 如：open, break, go, come, arrive, die, leave… • He has come back for three weeks. • He has been back for three weeks. • The writer has died for two years. • The writer has been dead for two years.

16. Grammar • 现在完成时 • Tense（时态） IV. It is/This is the first/second… time that + 从句  现在完成时 It was/This was the first/second… time that + 从句  过去完成时 It is the third time that I have seen the film. That was the first time that I had visited the place.

17. Grammar • 现在完成时 • Tense（时态） V. It is/has been + 一段时间 since…  自从……已有… It is/has been about 7 years since I came here. VI. have been to 与 have gone to 的区别 have been to  去过某地，已回来 have gone to  去了某地，还未回来

18. Grammar • Tense（时态） • 完成时 • 过去完成时 • 1. 过去的过去 • I had just got home when it rained. • By the end of last year, he had taught for 30 years.

19. Grammar • 过去完成时 • Tense（时态） • 过去完成时 + to do sth • 过去未曾实现的愿望，打算或意图 • 用于动词：hope, intend, mean, plan, suppose, want… I had meant to go on Monday but have stayed on. II. would rather/would sooner/would just as soon/might as well/would prefer + 从句  如果表示过去的动作或情况，用过去完成时 I‘d rather you had been there yesterday.

20. Grammar • 过去完成时 • Tense（时态） • III. no sooner …than…； • hardly/scarcely …when … • 主句 从句 •  主句用过去完成时；从句用一般现在时 •  no sooner, hardly/scarcely 放在句首时，主句要倒装 No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain. He had hardly got on the train when the train started out.

21. Grammar • Tense（时态） • 完成时 • 将来完成时 • 1. 将来某一时刻前/某一动作前所完成的动作 • by + 时间点；by the time + 从句 •  主句用将来完成时：will/shall have + 过去分词 I shall have finished reading the book by the end of this week. By the time you reach this page, you will have studied 142 lessons of this book.

22. Grammar • 完成进行时 • Tense（时态） • 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别 •  1. 完成进行时更强调动作的延续性，不间断性 • It has rained for three days. • It has been raining for three days. •  2. 无时间状语时，现在完成时表示动作已结束，现 • 在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。 • He has written an essay. • He has been writing an essay.

23. Grammar • Practice • They became friends again that day. Until then, they • ________ to each other for nearly two years. • A. didn’t speak B. hadn’t spoken • C. haven’t spoken D. haven’t been speaking • 2. I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ________ there several years ago. • A. am going B. had been • C. went D. have been B C

24. Grammar • Practice • 3. —— I have got a headache. • —— No wonder. You _______ in front of the computer • too long. • A. work B. are working • C. have been working D. worked • —— Did you see a man in black pass by just now? • —— No, sir. I _________ a newspaper. • A. read B. was reading • C. would read D. am reading C B

25. Grammar • Practice 5. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 _____________ off at 18:20. A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken 6. My brother is an actor. He ______ in several films so far. A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing A C

26. Grammar • 虚拟语气 • 特点 • 假设 • 非真实（不可能或不大可能实现或发生）

27. Grammar • 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 • 虚拟语气 • if虚拟条件句

28. Grammar If I knew the fact now, I would tell you. If the art dealer had had the money, he would have bought the painting. If you were to see Jane, what would you tell her?

29. Grammar II. if 虚拟条件句的倒装 • A．if条件从句中出现 were, should, had 三个助动 词（不包括行为动词） • B．将if省略，把 were, should, had 提到主语的前面 Were I to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Had I had the money last year, I would have bought the house. Should you succeed, you would become rich.

30. Grammar III. if虚拟条件句与主句假设的时间段不一致 • If虚拟条件句与主句有时所指的时间不一致，往往从句对过去进行假设（过去完成式），主句对现在的情况进行假设（would/should/could/might + do sth.）。 If I had studied hard in the university, I would sit in a comfortable office now.

31. Grammar IV. 注意 • A. 一般情况下，if条件从句与主句应同时使用陈述语气或虚拟语气 • B．当条件句中谓语由“should + do sth.” 构成时，主句可以是虚拟语气，陈述语气或祈使语气。 If you should change your mind, let us know. Even if/If it should get stormy, I will go.

32. Grammar • 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 • 虚拟语气 • 宾语从句，主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气  (should) + do sth. (括号表示可以省略) • A. 这几种名词性从句的用法是相通的，均用来表示建议，命令，要求，惊异，失望等。 • 动词：ask, advise, determine, decide, command, insist, intend, prefer, propose, order, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge, demand, desire…

33. Grammar 形容词：appropriate, advisable, desirable, essential, important, insistent, natural, necessary, preferable, strange, urgent, vital… 名词：resolution, pray, decision, motion, suggestion, preference, proposal, advice, recommendation, desire, demand, requirement, order, necessity, request… They demanded that the company (should) make compensation for the loss. It is essential that you (should) win the voter’s hearts. The proposal that he (should) beinvited was rejected.

34. Grammar • suggest, insist两个单词的用法。 Suggest: 1) 表示“暗示” 的意思时，用陈述语气。 2）表示 “建议” 意思时，用虚拟语气。 Insist: 1) 表示“坚决要求” 的意思时，用虚拟语气。 2）表示“坚持认为”的意思时，用陈述语气。 He insists that she should come. He insisted that he was innocent.

35. Grammar • 在expect, believe, think, suspect 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在其否定式或疑问式后的宾语从句中用虚拟。（常见结构为never expect/believe/think/suspect） 表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等 should + do sth. (现在或将来) should + have done sth. (过去) 【should 不可省略】 I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier. I never expected that the problem should have been solved that way.

36. Grammar • 在表示感情，意志等的that从句中用虚拟 A. 意思为“竟然。。。。。。” “居然。。。。。。” B. 结构可能为“I am surprised that...; I am glad that…”  (should) + do sth.（现在或将来） should + have done sth. (过去) I am surprised that you (should) speak in such a way.

37. Grammar • 其他句型中的虚拟语气 • wish 后的宾语从句，if only引导的感叹句，as if/as though 引导的从句中的虚拟语气的比较 • Wish (对过去假设时，也可用would/could +have done)

38. Grammar • If only: (要是。。。。。。就好) • As if / as though

39. Grammar II. 在would rather/would just as soon/ would sooner/ would prefer (宁愿)，might as well（不妨）后面的从句中的虚拟语气。 • 现在或将来 过去式 (did/were) • 过去 过去完成式 (had done) • Notice • would rather 等短语后可直接加动词。 • 现在或将来的愿望 would rather + do sth. • 过去的愿望 would rather + have done sth.

40. Grammar III. It is (high/about) time (that)… 句型中的虚拟语气。（是做。。。。。。的时候）  should + do sth. 或者 过去式 (did/were) IV. in case, lest, for fear that 后的从句中的虚拟语气 （以防万一） A. lest/ for fear that  (should) + do sth. B. in case  should + do sth.

41. Grammar V. had hoped 后所跟的虚拟语气 A. had hoped 表示过去未实现的愿望，意思是“曾希望，原本希望”. B. 从句中用“would + do sth.” We had hoped that you would stay with us for some time.

42. Grammar VI.动词 be, intend, mean, plan, want, hope等后面所跟的 虚拟语气。 A. 这些动词的不定式都有“打算，想要”的意思。 B．was/intended/meant/planned/wanted/hoped + to have done sth. = had been/intended/meant/planned/wanted/hoped to do sth.  过去想做而没有做的事 I intended to have told him the matter, but I forgot. I had intended to tell him the matter, but I forgot.

43. Grammar • 情态动词 • 分词 • 独立主格结构

44. Grammar • 情态动词 • 基本形式 • 情态动词+do (sth.)  现在/将来 • 情态动词+have done (sth.)  过去 • 情态动词+be doing (sth.)  正在进行 She may have gone to Beijing yesterday. He said that she might have gone to Beijing yesterday.

45. Grammar • Can/Could  否定 can’t/couldn’t • 1. 表示能力  会，能 • She can play the piano. • 2. 表示许可  可以 • Students can’t smoke in the classroom. • 3. 表示可能性  可能 • Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. • 4. 表示推测  可能 • She couldn’t make mistakes on this matter. • She can’t have gone to school. We have no school today.

46. Grammar • Can的固定搭配 • 1. can but do sth. 只好…… • I can but do my best. • 2. can’t help but do sth. 忍不住只好…… • I can’t help but cry. • 3. can’t help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 • I cannot help declining his offer. • 4. cannot be too + adj. 怎么……也不过分 • You cannot be too careful when crossing the street.

47. Grammar • May/Might  may not (否定句子里的动词） 可能不 She may not know the truth. • 1. 表示可能，推测  可能，也许 • It may snow tomorrow. • He may be having the meeting now. • They might have known the matter earlier. • 2. 表示许可  可以 • You may use my dictionary. • May I borrow your bike?

48. Grammar • May/Might • 3. might 表示责备，不满。 • You might have told the truth. • 4. might 的固定搭配 • 1）may/might (just) as well do (sth.) • 不妨……/做……也可以 • I might as well stay at home tonight. • 2) may well do (sth.) A. 或许…… B. 大可做…… • It may well rain. • You may well say so.

49. Grammar • Must • 1. 表示义务  必须  否定 mustn’t 不许 • (只能指未来）(mustn’t have done sth.×) • You must start at 6 tonight. • She must not leave her room. • 2. 表示比较肯定的推测  必定  否定 can’t • It must rain soon. • He must be having the meeting now. • It must have rained last night, for the ground is • wet.

50. Grammar • Must 和 Have to 的区别 • must  必须 [着重于说话者的主观看法] • You must be back by 3 p.m. • have to  不得不 [着重于客观需要] • You have to be back by 3 p.m.