The Holocaust

1. The Holocaust

2. Holocaust • Greek origin meaning “Sacrifice by Fire”

3. Nazism • It was the practice of the Nazi Party and of Nazi Germany • It was a unique variety of fascism that involved anti-Semitism

4. The Nazis • The Nazis came into power in January of 1933 • The Nazis believed that they were racially superior and that the Jew was deemed Inferior • They also believed that Jews were an alien threat to the “German Racial Community”

5. Aryan Race • The Aryans were Hitler’s idea of the superior (and “perfect”) race • Blue Eyes, Blonde Hair, High Cheek Bones and full German Blood

6. Anti-Semitism • Hostility toward or discrimination against Jews as a religious, ethnic, or racial group.

7. What was The Holocaust? • The Holocaust was the murder of over 6 million Jews • Also… 5 million other people: • Roma (Gypsies) • The disabled • Other groups were persecuted for ideological, political, and behavioral grounds • Communists • Socialists • Homosexuals

8. A 2 year old girl that was killed with the 33,000 Jews that were shot dead in Kiev at the BabiYar ravine in September 1941 when the Nazis invaded. Her name is Mania Halef. The massacre was the largest single mass killing for which the Nazi regime and its collaborators were responsible during its campaign against the Soviet Union.

9. Germans sifting through clothes of the dead Jews after they were all shot dead…

10. When was the Holocaust? • The period from January 30th 1933, when Adolf Hitler became Chancellor to May 8th 1945 (V-E Day)

11. Stages of the Holocaust

12. 1. Define as Other Based on long-held stereotypes, Jewish people were thought of as different Nazis used stereotypes to enhance the mistrust some Germans felt about the Jews • Mein Kampf. Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany's problems • Nazis defined the Jews as a separate race Violence • Kristallnacht, November 9-10, 1938 • Attack on Jewish homes, businesses and synagogues; killed many Jews • Began to send people to concentration camps. Began centuries before the Holocaust and lasted throughout the Holocaust because of propaganda

13. This wasa chart posted in elementary classrooms entitled "German Youth, Jewish Youth“;its purpose was to help Aryan children distinguish friend from foe.

14. Why?Why, for what purpose is the blood flowing? Behind the scenes, the Jew grins. That makes the answer clear: They bleed for the Jews.

15. 2. Removal of Civil Rights Nuremberg Laws: laws were passed to deny Jewish people equal rights. Denied citizenship, prohibited from public office and denied marriage rights to non-Jews

16. Step 3: Deportation • The Jews were sent to Concentration Camps, and Extermination Camps • They were also sent to Ghettos (Warsaw Ghetto)

17. Step 4: Extermination • Jews were sent to Extermination camps (Auschwitz, Treblinka….) Cremation Pit at Auschwitz Mass grave at Belsen Camp

18. Steps taken against Jews • 1933 Boycott Jewish businesses Their signs read: "Germans, defend yourselves against the Jewish atrocity propaganda, buy only at German shops!" and "Germans, defend yourselves, buy only at German shops!"

19. 1935 Nazi’s pass what was called the Nuremberg laws • Jews and Germans cannot marry • Jews and Germans cannot have sexual relations • Made sure German blood wasn’t tainted by mixing races • Jews cannot have a German flag or wear the national colours • On the other hand Jews were allowed to wear Jewish colours, had to wear the Star of David

20. Germans had to make up a family tree to prove that there were no Jews in their family The Germans settled that a “full Jew” has three Jewish grandparents

21. Eugenics Program • This person suffering from hereditary defects costs the community 60,000 Reichsmark during his lifetime. Fellow German, that is your money, too.

22. 1936 The Olympics came to Germany • In the 1936 Olympics an African American wins the Gold in 100 metres, 200 metres, the long jump, and part of the 4x100 metre relay team • It is said that Hitler would not shake his hand when handing out his medal Jesse Owen

23. 1938 Night of Broken Glass (Kristallnacht) • Nazi’s become violent against the Jews (homes, businesses, synagogues were destroyed)

24. 1939 The Germans started removing Jews and putting them in ghettos • Their properties were confiscated • They were forced to move to new areas • They lost their German citizenship Germans built walls to separate the Jews and the Germans

25. 1941 The Jews were to be moved to concentration camps

26. Concentration & Death Camps • Concentration Camps were camps that Jewish or other people were forced to go to, to be tortured or forced to do work. • After being in the Concentration camps they would be shipped off to the… • Extermination camps were built by the Nazis to kill millions of Jewish people and also non-Jews such as Poles and Soviet Prisoners ofwar.

27. Death Camps • Auschwitz – Birkenau • Nazi Killing Centre • Sobibor • Treblinka • Belzec • Bergen – Belzen Auschwitz Inside the freight wagon to Treblinka

28. Concentration and Death Camps used by the Nazis

29. Auschwitz • All over the world Auschwitz has become a symbol of terror, genocide, and the Holocaust

30. Auschwitz was the biggest of the German concentration camps • It consisted of 4 parts • Auschwitz I (The main Camp) • Auschwitz II (The Extermination Camp) • Auschwitz III (A Labour Camp) • And 45 Satellite Camps • These camps are smaller camps, some of them were tens of kilometers away from the main camps.

31. Auschwitz Main Camp

32. Auschwitz was located in Poland which was occupied by Germany.

33. Auschwitz I (The Main Camp) • This part of the camp was serve as Administrative purposes, it had 16 one story buildings.

34. Auschwitz II • This extermination camp began in October of 1941 to ease the congestion of the main camp • It was also larger than Auschwitz one.

35. The first gas chambers was built at Auschwitz they named it “The little red house”, it was a brick cottage which was converted into a gassing facility, it was operational by March 1942

36. The Second gas chamber “The little white house” was converted some weeks later. • With the gas chambers they also made crematoriums so they could burn the bodies

37. The type of gas they used was called Zyklon B • It consisted of Hydrogen Cyanide, a stabilizer, a warning odorant, and one of several absorbents

38. Auschwitz III • This camp was the largest of the Auschwitz work camps • It started its operations in May of 1942 • 11,000 Slaves worked in this camp • Doctors from Auschwitz II come to visit to pick the weak and sick out too put them in gas chambers

39. Medical Experiments • German doctors performed wide variety of experiments. • SS doctors tested the ability of X-Rays as a sterilization device by administering large doses to females • Prof. Dr. Carl Clauberg injected chemicals in the females uteruses in an effort to glue them shut. This is the building where most experiments took place

40. The most infamous doctor at Auschwitz was Josef Mengele, known as the “Angel of Death” • He was particularly interested on identical twins, Mengele performed cruel expirements on them. • Such as inducing a disease in one twin and killing the other when the first one died, he would perform comparative autopsies on them. August Hirt dissecting a corpse

41. Bergen-Belsen

42. Bergen-Belsen • Bergen-Belsen was a Nazi concentration camp in northwestern Germany. • It was originally a Prisoner of War camp, but in 1943 it became a concentration camp

43. The camp was liberated on April 15 1945, by British Armored Division

44. When the British and Canadian troops entered the camp they found thousands of unburied bodies and approximately 55,000 inmates • Most of them were sick and starving

45. This is a quote from a British solider describing what he saw. • “...Here over an acre of ground lay dead and dying people. You could not see which was which... The living lay with their heads against the corpses and around them moved the awful, ghostly procession of emaciated, aimless people, with nothing to do and with no hope of life, unable to move out of your way, unable to look at the terrible sights around them ... Babies had been born here, tiny wizened things that could not live ... A mother, driven mad, screamed at a British sentry to give her milk for her child, and thrust the tiny mite into his arms, then ran off, crying terribly. He opened the bundle and found the baby had been dead for days. This day at Belsen was the most horrible of my life.”

46. After the liberation, the total number of deaths was about 50,000

47. Auschwitz (Now)

48. Bergen-Belsen (Now) Bergen-Belsen is filled with marked graves, and monuments.

49. Statistics