College Students' Game Day First Aid Guide

2. Game Day First Aid For College Students Anna Akin Betsy McQueen Andrew Piazza Erin Robertson Erin Roosth Sarah West Chapter 35, Lesson 1 and 4

3. Topics • Heat Illness • Alcohol Poisoning • Burns • Shock • Sprains & Fractures

4. Is it my responsibility? • Your decision to act or not to provide aid to someone • Duty to Care - if properly trained in first aid and “on duty”; you are responsible to act • Will I be legally safe if I decide to act?

5. When someone needs help: Immediate Actions • Is there possible danger for you nearby? • Is the victim in immediate danger? • Are there others who can help you? • Is there a telephone, cell phone, or form of EMS nearby? • How many are injured? How are they injured? • Where is your location?

6. When discovering an injured/ill person: • If victim is responsive, introduce yourself before you touch him/her • If the victim agrees, you may give first aid • If the victim doesn’t agree, phone for help (911) or send another for help • If victim is confused, can not answer or unconscious, assume that they would want your help

7. Find the Problem… When helping the victim: • Look, observe, feel to see if victim is breathing • Look for any obvious signs of injury • Look for medical information jewelry

8. Heat Illnesses • Heat Exhaustion • Heatstroke

9. Heat Exhaustion • Form of shock that occurs when the body looses too much water and too many electrolytes through very heavy sweating after exposure to heat

10. Heat Exhaustion: Signs & Symptoms • Nausea • Dizziness • Weak Pulse • Profuse sweating • Lightheadedness • Cool and clammy skin • Normal Body Temperature

11. Treatment of Heat Exhaustion • Move to cool location • Drink sips of water • Sports drinks • Salty foods

12. Heatstroke • Long exposure to heat • Overwhelms body’s sweating mechanism • Unable to automatically cool body • If untreated, can result in death!

13. Heatstroke: Signs & Symptoms • Nausea • Dizziness • Confusion • Hot, dry, and red skin • Rapid, strong pulse • Throbbing headache • High Body Temperature • Semiconscious (or unconscious)

14. Treatment of Heat Cramps • Rest in a cool environment • Drink cool salt water or sports drink

15. Treatment of Dehydration • Get out of the heat • Small sips of water • Sports drinks • Salty food

16. Prevention of Heat Illness • Avoid strenuous activity in hot weather • Drink plenty of fluids – Don’t wait! • Light and loose-fitting clothes • Lightly salted food helps • Stay cool!

17. Alcohol Poisoning • A condition in which toxic amount of alcohol has been drunk, usually in a short period of time.

18. What Happens to Your Body? • Alcohol slows down: • Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, and Breathing • When your body is deprived of oxygen, you become unconscious • This can lead to irreversible brain damage or death

19. Alcohol Effects

20. Signs of Alcohol Poisoning • Mental confusion • Unable to walk on his or her own • Conscious, but unable to respond • Unconscious and unable to awake • Cold, clammy, pale, or bluish skin • Strong odor of alcohol and/or vomit • Slow or irregular breathing: <8 beats/min • Not waking up during or after vomiting

21. What To Do if Alcohol Poisoning is Suspected • Try to wake the person up • Turn the person on his/her side • DO NOT leave the person alone • Do not wait for all symptoms to show up • Call for help, 9-1-1 • Remember: It is better to be safe than sorry!

22. Burn Classifications

23. Causes likely at a football game • Sun over-exposure • Exposure to hot liquids • Electrical • May cause internal burn not visible from the outside

24. First-degree Burns • Reddened and painful skin • Outermost layers of skin • Generally heals in about a week • Most common burn associated with sunburns

25. Sunburn Prevention • Apply sunscreen 1-2 hours before sun exposure • Wear a wide-brim hat • Wear loose-fitting, dry clothing • Cover up, even on cloudy days

26. Sunburn treatment • Sooth the burn with cool water • Submersion • Cool cloth • If the skin blisters, do not pop the blister. • Vitamin C treatment • Morning after treatment

27. Second-degree Burns • Deeper than superficial, but does not damage the deepest layers of skin • Blistering is present • Moderate to severe pain • Requires medical treatment

28. Hot liquids or oils • First or second-degree burn • Can be prevented by using extreme caution when handling products. • If clothing is saturated, remove clothing to prevent further burning.

29. Treating a second-degree burn • Rinse with clean, cool water • Keep blisters intact • After area is cooled, cover with a dry, sterile dressing to prevent infection • Seek medical treatment

30. Third-degree Burns • Damages all layers of skin • May be injure muscle and other tissue • Generally no pain • Susceptible to shock and infection • Requires medical treatment

31. Treating a third-degree burn: Lightning Strike • Make sure area is safe • Call 911 • Cool area with clean water • Cut away clothing around burn • Leave clothing that is stuck to burn • Cover with a dry, sterile dressing • Treat for shock

32. Shock • The failure of the cardiovascular system to keep adequate blood circulating to the vital organs of the body

33. Signs of Shock • Victim may feel weak, faint, or dizzy • Act restless, agitated, or confused • Cold, and clammy to touch • Pale or grayish skin

34. Shock Treatment • Safe Scene • Call 911 • Help victim lie on his/her back • If no leg injury or pain, raise the victim’s legs just above the level of the heart • Use pressure to stop bleeding • Cover Victim to keep him/her warm • Victim may vomit, so keep airway clear

35. Give Me A Break… • Fracture: a break in a bone, usually caused by significant force. • Two kinds • Closed: bone is broken, but does not break the skin. • Open: bone is broken and overlaying skin is lacerated.

36. Sprains • A sprain is a joint injury caused by excessive stretching of the supporting ligaments.

37. Strains • A strain is an injury resulting from over-stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon.

38. Treatment for Strains and Sprains • Seek Medical Help • R.I.C.E. • Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate • Rehabilitation exercises • Activity Modification

39. What would you do?