100 likes | 113 Views
Explore how errors play a crucial role in the learning process of front crawl swimming technique. This research focuses on cognitive theories and error detection as a means of learning through observation and imitation.
E N D
LEARNING FRONT CRAWL SWIMMING TECHNIQUE THROUGH ERROR OBSERVATION AND ERROR DETECTION BY SPORT SCIENCE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DEG REE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS.INTED2013 Cancela, JM. Ayán C. University Of Vigo
Throughout history the definition of learning has been conceptualized in many different ways depending on the trend approaching the idea. • Eight trends related to pedagogical importance. These theories include: • Behaviourist Theories, • Cognitive Theories, • Adam’s Synergistic Theory, • Learning Classification according to Gagné, • Rogers’s Humanist Theory, • Neurophysiological Theories, • Information Theories, • Constructivist Approach. 1. LEARNING FRONT CRAWL
Learning and error are two concepts which are closely connected in the teaching-learning process . • It must be highlighted that errors do not randomly appear, but they arise within a consistent conceptual context, based on previously acquired skills and knowledge. • Every learning process may potentially generate errors due to different causes; being some of them inevitable. • This research was proposed based on cognitive theories, learning by imitation and error detection. Two different methodological interventions were developed for the learning by imitation of the crawl swimming style, with the aim of assessing the influence of the error detection on learning through the intervention of a third person. 1. LEARNING FRONT CRAWL
Data collection was carried out at the end of the term through an individualized written test, consisting of 9 questions specifically related to the front crawl swimming technique, as well as a technical performance test, which was assessed though 9 parameters. • Maximum score was 9 and minimum score was -2.25 for both written and practical tests. A descriptive analysis of the theoretical and practical data was carried out through means and standard deviations. Inferential analysis was accomplished through the Mann-Whitney U test, since the sample did not present a normal distribution (P<0.05; Kolmogorov-Smirnof). 3. Data collection and STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Learning of the front crawl swimming technique among undergraduate students becomes reinforced if the learner previously identifies the errors that must be eliminated through a self-observation technique. Future studies should be carried out among other populations and should focus on the learning of other sports. 5. CONCLUSIONS
[1] Burton WH (1963). Basic Principles in a Good teaching-Learning Situation.” Readings in Human Learning. LD and Alice Crow (eds.). New York: McKay. [2] Gagné RM (1965). The conditions of learning. Rinehart and Winston (eds.). New York: Holt. [3] Maslow A (1970). Motivation and personality. 2nd. Ed. New York: Harper Row. [4] Pelechano V (1975). Modelos de Aprendizaje Social; ponencia presentada al Primer Simposio sobre aprendizaje y modificación de conducta en ambientes educativos. Madrid: Servicio de Publicaciones del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia. [5] Hilgar E, Bower G (1980). Teorías del Aprendizaje. México: Trillas. [6] Minski M (1986). La sociedad de la mente. La inteligencia humana a la luz de la Inteligencia Artificial. Buenos Aires:EdicionesGalapago. [7] Pérez Gómez A (1988). Análisis didáctico de las Teorías del Aprendizaje. Málaga: Universidad de Málaga. [8] Zabalza MA (1991). Fundamentos de la Didáctica y del conocimiento didáctico. En A. Medina y M.L. Sevillano (coord.): El currículo Fundamentación, Diseño, Desarrollo y Educación. Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, España. [9] Alonso C, Gallego D, Honey P (1994). Los Estilos de Aprendizaje: Procedimientos de diagnóstico y mejora. Bilbao: Ediciones Mensajero [10] Ato M (1996). Rasgos de un buen aprendizaje. Texto Juan Ignacio Pozo Municio. Aprendices y Maestros. Capítulo 3. Madrid: Alianza Editorial. [11] Bleger J (1998). Temas de psicologia: entrevista e grupos. São Paulo: MartinsFontes. [12] De Giorgio A (2000). Mecanismos de aprendizaje en la educación motriz y en el deporte. Clinic NazionalediMinibasket. Treviso [13] Knowles S, Holton F, Swanson A (2001). Andragogía, El Aprendizaje de los Adultos. Ed. Oxford, México. [14] Alonso C, Gallego D (2000). Aprendizaje y Ordenador. Madrid: Editorial Dikinson [15] Carroll WR, Bandura A (1990). Representational guidance of action production in observational learning: a causal analysis. Journal of Motor behavior, 22 (1), 85-97. [16] Sánchez R (2010) Metodologías de primera persona en la enseñanza de habilidades motrices. Apunts: Educación física y deportes, 100, 32-40. [17] Gould R, Roberts GC (1982). Modeling and motor skill acquisition. Quest, Vol. 32, N.2, 214-230. [18] Bandura A (1969). Principies of behavior modification. Holt Rinehart. New York. [19] Blanco A (2002) El error en el proceso de aprendizaje. Cuadernos Cervantes de la Lengua Española, 2002; VIII (38), 12-22. 20] Clark, S. E., & Ste-Marie, D. M. The impact of self-as-a-model interventions on children’s self-regulation of learning and swimming performance. Journal of Sport Science. 2007, 25: 577-586. [21] Schunk, D. Social cognitive theory and self-regulated learning. In B. J. Zimmerman & D. Schunk, (Eds). Selfregulated learning and academic achievement: Theoretical perspectives. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2001, pp. 125-151. [22] Bandura A (1997) Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W. H. Freeman, 1997. [23] Martini R, Rymal AM, Ste-Marie DM, Investigating Self-as-a-Model Techniques and Underlying Cognitive Processes in Adults Learning the Butterfly Swim Stroke. International Journal of Sports Science and Engineering Vol. 05 (2011) No. 04, pp. 242-256 [24] Dowrick, P. W., & Raeburn, J. M. (1995). Self-modeling: Rapid skill training for children with physical disabilities. Journal of Developmental and PhysicalDisabilities, 7 (1), 25 – 37. 6.references
thanks Cancela, JM.chemacc@uvigo.es Ayán C. cayan@uvigo.es