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Wave Motion

Wave Motion. Conceptual Example: Wave and Particle Velocity. Is the velocity of a wave moving along a cord the same as the velocity of a particle of a cord?. Wave “Pulse”. The source of traveling wave pulse is a disturbance.

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Wave Motion

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  1. Wave Motion

  2. Conceptual Example: Wave and Particle Velocity Is the velocity of a wave moving along a cord the same as the velocity of a particle of a cord?

  3. Wave “Pulse”

  4. The source of traveling wave pulse is a disturbance.

  5. Important: If the source vibrates sinusoidally (like mass on a spring), then the wave itself - if the medium is perfectly elastic – will have a sinusoidal shape both in space and in time.

  6. Distance between two successive crests is called the wavelength, l. Important: The wavelength could be measured between any two identical points of the wave.

  7. The wave velocity, v, is the velocity at which wave crests (or any other point of the waveform) move. Important: Don’t confuse with the velocity of a particle, oscillating in a wave!

  8. Velocity of a Wave in a Stretched String

  9. Types of Waves transversal longitudinal

  10. The velocity of longitudinal wave has a form similar to that for a transverse motion: Solid rod Liquid or Gas

  11. Energy Transported by Waves

  12. Reflection and Interference of Waves

  13. Wave Fronts Plane wave

  14. The Law of Reflection The angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence.

  15. Interference Interference refers to what happens when two waves pass each other.

  16. Principle of Superposition In the region, where the waves overlap, the resultant displacement is the algebraic sum of their separate displacements. Crest is considered positive and trough negative.

  17. Standing Waves.Resonance

  18. The points of destructive interference, where cord remains still are called nodes. The points of constructive interference, where the cord oscillates with maximum amplitude are called antinodes.

  19. Important: the nodes and antinodes remain at fixed positions for a given frequency!

  20. Fundamental mode and first harmonic are the same!

  21. When you yell at your friend, are the air molecules that strike his ear the same ones that were in your lungs? Explain. • Sonar devices use underwater sound to explore the ocean floor. Would you expect sonar to be a longitudinal or a transverse wave? • Which of the following properties affect the speed of waves along a rope: amplitude of the pulse, shape of the pulse, tension in the rope, and/or the mass per unit length of the rope?

  22. How many antinodes are there when a rope fixed at both ends vibrates in its third harmonic? • How many nodes are there when a rope fixed at both ends vibrates in its fourth harmonic?

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