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Chapter 8

Chapter 8. Molarity Parts 1 & 2. Solutions. Solute The substance that dissolves (the minor component of a solution). KMnO 4. Solutions. Solvent The substance that the solute dissolves in (the major component of a solution). Solution A homogeneous mixture of the solute and solvent.

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Chapter 8

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  1. Chapter 8 Molarity Parts 1 & 2

  2. Solutions Solute • The substance that dissolves (the minor component of a solution). KMnO4

  3. Solutions • Solvent • The substance that the solute dissolves in (the major component of a solution).

  4. Solution A homogeneous mixture of the solute and solvent. KMnO4 solution

  5. Solutions Dilute Concentrated

  6. Concentration of a solution Molarity(M) is the moles of solute per liter of solution. moles of solute Molarity(M) = Liters of solution

  7. Common Volume Units = 1000 mL

  8. Common Volume Units = 1000 mL

  9. Units of Molarity

  10. Units of Molarity 2.0 M HCl

  11. Units of Molarity 2.0 M HCl = 2.0 moles HCl L solution

  12. Units of Molarity 2.0 M HCl = 2.0 moles HCl L solution 6.0 M HCl

  13. Units of Molarity 2.0 M HCl = 2.0 moles HCl L solution 6.0 M HCl = 6.0 moles HCl dm3 solution

  14. Molarity • Calculate the molarity of an aqueous Ba(NO3)2 solution containing 0.283 grams of barium nitrate in 0.931 L of solution.

  15. Molarity • Calculate the molarity of an aqueous Ba(NO3)2 solution containing 0.283 grams of barium nitrate in 0.931 L of solution. 0.283 g Ba(NO3)2 0.931 L

  16. Molarity • Calculate the molarity of an aqueous Ba(NO3)2 solution containing 0.283 grams of barium nitrate in 0.931 L of solution. 0.283 g Ba(NO3)2 mol 0.931 L 261.3 g

  17. Molarity • Calculate the molarity of an aqueous Ba(NO3)2 solution containing 0.283 grams of barium nitrate in 0.931 L of solution. 0.283 g Ba(NO3)2 mol = 0.00116 mol Ba(NO3)2/L = 0.00116 M Ba(NO3)2 0.931 L 261.3 g

  18. Molarity Calculation • NaOH is used to open stopped sinks, to treat cellulose in the making of nylon. • It is also used to remove potato peels commercially.

  19. If 4.0 g NaOH are used to make 500.0 mL of NaOH solution, what is the molarity (M) of the solution? 0.20 mol NaOH/L = 0.20M NaOH

  20. If 4.0 g NaOH are used to make 500.0 mL of NaOH solution, what is the molarity (M) of the solution? 4.0 g NaOH 500.0 mL

  21. If 4.0 g NaOH are used to make 500.0 mL of NaOH solution, what is the molarity (M) of the solution? 4.0 g NaOH mol 500.0 mL 40.0 g

  22. If 4.0 g NaOH are used to make 500.0 mL of NaOH solution, what is the molarity (M) of the solution? 4.0 g NaOH mol mL 500.0 mL 40.0 g 0.001 L

  23. If 4.0 g NaOH are used to make 500.0 mL of NaOH solution, what is the molarity (M) of the solution? 4.0 g NaOH mol mL = 0.20 mol NaOH/L = 0.20M NaOH 500.0 mL 40.0 g 0.001 L

  24. Molarity Conversion Factors An NaOH solution has a molarity of 0.20M. • Write this molarity in the form of conversion factors (ratios).

  25. Molarity Conversion Factors 0.20 moles NaOHand L solution ____ L solution 0.20 moles NaOH

  26. Diabetes is a serious medical issue facing our country at this time.

  27. 23.6 million people in the United States (7.8% of the total population) have diabetes. Of these, 5.7 million have undiagnosed diabetes. • In 2007, about 1.6 million new cases of diabetes were diagnosed in people aged 20 years or older. • If current trends continue, 1 in 3 Americans will develop diabetes sometime in their lifetime, and those with diabetes will lose, on average, 10–15 years of life. • Diabetes is the leading cause of new cases of blindness, kidney failure, and nontraumatic lower-extremity amputations among adults.

  28. Diabetes was the sixth leading cause of death on U.S. death certificates in 2006. Overall, the risk for death among people with diabetes is about twice that of people without diabetes of similar age. • In 1999–2000, 7% of U.S. adolescents aged 12–19 years had impaired fasting glucose (prediabetes), putting them at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke.

  29. Diabetes Is Preventable and Controllable • Recent studies show that lifestyle changes can prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes among people at high risk. • For people with prediabetes, lifestyle changes, including a 5%–7% weight loss and at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week, can reduce the rate of onset of type 2 diabetes by 58%. • Disability and premature death are not inevitable consequences of diabetes. By working with their support network and health care providers, people with diabetes can prevent premature death and disability by controlling their blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipids and by receiving other preventive care in a timely manner.

  30. Blood sugar is a term referring to the amount of glucose (C6H12O6) present in the blood. A normal blood glucose level is about 0.083g in 100.0mL. What is the molarity of normal blood glucose? 0.0046M C6H12O6

  31. How many grams of Na2SO4 are required to prepare 1000.0 mL of 1.0000 M Na2SO4 solution?

  32. How many grams of Na2SO4 are required to prepare 1000.0 mL of 1.0000 M Na2SO4 solution? 1000.0 mL

  33. How many grams of Na2SO4 are required to prepare 1000.0 mL of 1.0000 M Na2SO4 solution? 1000.0 mL 0.001 L mL

  34. How many grams of Na2SO4 are required to prepare 1000.0 mL of 1.0000 M Na2SO4 solution? 1000.0 mL 0.001 L 1.0000 mol Na2SO4 mL L

  35. How many grams of Na2SO4 are required to prepare 1000.0 mL of 1.0000 M Na2SO4 solution? 1000.0 mL 0.001 L 1.0000 mol Na2SO4 142.04 g mL L mol

  36. How many grams of Na2SO4 are required to prepare 1000.0 mL of 1.0000 M Na2SO4 solution? 1000.0 mL 0.001 L 1.0000 mol Na2SO4 142.04 g mL L mol = 142.04 g Na2SO4

  37. How to prepare 1000ml (1.000L) of a 1.0000M solution of Na2SO4. a a

  38. In a college chemistry class you are asked to prepare 100.0 mL solution of 0.250 M NiCl2 (gfm = 129.7g/mol).

  39. In a college chemistry class you are asked to prepare 100.0 mL solution of 0.250 M NiCl2 (gfm = 129.7g/mol). How do you prepare the solution?

  40. In a college chemistry class you are asked to prepare 100.0 mL solution of 0.250 M NiCl2 (gfm = 129.7g/mol). How do you prepare the solution. 3.24 grams of NiCl2

  41. Add 3.24g of NiCl2 to water in a half-filled 100.0 ml volumetric flask. • Swirl until completely dissolved.

  42. Add water to the 100.0 ml. mark.

  43. Thoroughly mix the solution by capping and inverting the flask several times or stirring the contents.

  44. Information for Upcoming Mole Quiz • How does a mole relate to particles, mass, atoms? (example: One mole of H2O is 6.02 x 1023 H2O molecules. It has a mass of 18g and contains 2 moles of H and 1 mole of O). • Be able to use this information in factor-label problems. • Be able to determine the number of grams/molecule. • Identify the elements that exist primarily as diatomic gases. • Do metric conversions.

  45. Homework • Molarity Worksheet. (Note on question number 3 you must put your answers in sentence form in addition to solving the problem).

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