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Chpt. 44 Osmoregulation & Excretion

Chpt. 44 Osmoregulation & Excretion. Julianna Diddle Ethan Coombes. Regulated internally = MAMMALS. Where is homeostasis regulated in mamals vs. reptiles? What is an osmoconformer? What is an osmoregulator?. --Regulated externally = REPTILES.

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Chpt. 44 Osmoregulation & Excretion

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  1. Chpt. 44Osmoregulation & Excretion Julianna Diddle Ethan Coombes

  2. Regulated internally = MAMMALS • Where is homeostasis regulated in mamals vs. reptiles? • What is an osmoconformer? • What is an osmoregulator? --Regulated externally = REPTILES -An animal that doesn’t actively adjust its internal osmolarity • An animal that must control its internal osmolarity because its • body fluids are not isoosmotic with the outside environment

  3. -hyperosmotic -ioosmotic -hypoosmotic -saltwater -freshwater

  4. What special characteristics do anhydrobiotic animals have? • They can lose almost all body water • & survive in a dormant state if their habitats dry up.

  5. What are the three types of nitrogenous waste, what is different about them, and what is an animal that excretes each type? • Ammonia(NH3) • -most toxic • -Excreted by aquatic animals • Urea • -low toxicity • -Requires less water to dilute & can store large quantities • -Mamals, adult amphibians, sharks, some bony fish, & turtles --Uric Acid • -Least toxic • -Insoluble • -Can be excreted with little water loss but energetically expensive • -Insects, land snails, many reptiles, & birds

  6. What are the four main steps of the excretory process? • 1. Filtration • 2. Reabsorption • 3. Secretion • 4. Excretion

  7. Kidney Renal Artery Renal vein Ureters Urinary Bladder Urethra

  8. Nephron • What is the functional unit of the kidney? (1,000,000/kidney in humans) • What is the pathway of filtrate after leaving the glomerular capsule? • What are the two types of nephrons? • Proximal tubule, loop of Henle (descending & ascending loops), distal tubule, • collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter • 1.) Juxtamedullary • Extend into medulla, important for water conservation • 2.) Cortical • Loop of Henle stays in the cortex

  9. Afferent arteriole, glomerular capillaries, Efferent arteriole, • peritubular capillaries, vasa recta • What is the pathway for blood supplying each nephron? • Systems that expend energy to create concentration gradients are –. • Countercurrent multiplier systems

  10. What is the hormone that regulates water balance & increases collecting duct permeability to water • What is the condition of increased urination called? • Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) -Diuresis

  11. -Works with the Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) to drop blood pressure & blood volume & triggers JGA to release renin • -Angiostentin II & Aldosterone reduce renin secretion in response to JGA • What does the RAAS do? (Renin-Angiostentin-Aldosterone System) • What is the peptide hormone that opposes RAAS & is released by the atria of the heart in response to increased blood volume & pressure? • Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)

  12. Solute balance & gain or loss of water • What is osmoregulation? • What is excretion? -Elimination of nitrogenous wastes

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