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2.1 The Scientists' Mind answer # 1-3 (pg. 28)

Book work for Ch. 2 The Nature of Science 2.1 The Scientists' Mind answer # 1-3 (pg. 28) 2.2 Scientific Methods of Inquiry answer # 1-4 (pg. 33) 2.3 Scientists' Tools answer # 1, 3 (pg. 37) Chapter review questions answer # 1, 2, 5-9, 16, 19-21, 23, 24 (pgs. 40-41).

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2.1 The Scientists' Mind answer # 1-3 (pg. 28)

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  1. Book work for Ch. 2 The Nature of Science2.1 The Scientists' Mindanswer # 1-3 (pg. 28)2.2 Scientific Methods of Inquiryanswer # 1-4 (pg. 33)2.3 Scientists' Toolsanswer # 1, 3 (pg. 37)Chapter review questionsanswer # 1, 2, 5-9, 16, 19-21, 23, 24 (pgs. 40-41)

  2. 2.1 The Scientists' Mindanswer # 1-3 (pg. 28) • Describe the unique characteristics of Carl Sagan, Enriqueta Barrera, and Evan Forde that assisted them in their scientific careers. • Ex. curious, interested in nature, keen observer… • Name two characteristics of scientific thinking that all scientists share. • Ex. Inquisitive, observant, creative, skeptical, cooperative • Explain why it is important for scientists to be skeptical. • Scientists need to question ideas and “prove” or “disprove” them in order to understand the natural world.

  3. 2.2 Scientific Methods of Inquiryanswer # 1-4 (pg. 33) • What is a hypothesis? What steps are necessary before a hypothesis can be formulated? • A hypothesis is a tentative explanation for an observation. Making observations and asking questions are necessary steps before a hypothesis can be formulated. • What is peer review? What is its role in scientific inquiry? • During peer review, a scientist’s documentation of his or her work is reviewed by experts in the field prior to publication. It ensures that proper scientific methods have been used & that the work is ready to be considered and texted by other scientists.

  4. 2.2 Scientific Methods of Inquiryanswer # 1-4 (pg. 33) • Explain the value of testing and retesting ideas scientifically. • By testing & retesting ideas, scientists gather evidence to determine whether an idea is scientifically valid. • How have you applied the method of scientific inquiry—formulating a question, gathering data, and forming a hypothesis—in your own life?? • Answers will vary but should include the processes of formulating a question, gathering data, and forming hypotheses.

  5. 2.3 Scientists' Toolsanswer # 1, 3 (pg. 37) • Describe how tools help scientists in their work. • Answers will vary. • Ex. Tools allow scientists access to more information, extend the senses, etc. • How are computers and satellites changing the nature of science? • Computers allow scientists to analyze larger amounts of data in a fraction of the time it took in the past. Satellites provide new views of Earth—both its surface & the ocean floor.

  6. Chapter review questionsanswer # 1, 2, 5-9, 16, 19-21, 23, 24 (pgs. 40-41) • theory, law • Theory: an explanation based on available information; may be changed as new info is found • Law: a generalization to which no exception has been found; does not change 2. hypothesis, theory • Hypothesis: a temporary explanation for an observation or phenomenon • Theory: a carefully tested hypothesis that seems to be the best explanation for the phenomenon. 5. evidence, inquiry • Inquiry: the process of asking questions • Evidence: information that can be measured & tested to verify a prediction 6. hypothesis, question • Hypothesis: a temporary answer to a question • Question: seeks an answer

  7. Chapter review questionsanswer # 1, 2, 5-9, 16, 19-21, 23, 24 (pgs. 40-41) 7. What are some qualities that scientists share? • strong powers of observation, logical, sense of wonder, creativity, skepticism 8. How do scientists support their hypotheses? • by gathering, analyzing, & interpreting data 9. Describe the way in which a scientist might approach a question • Scientists are methodical in their approach & inventive in figuring out ways to get information. 16. Think about Evan Forde’s 7th grade experience, when his science teacher asked him to write down observations about a candle. Take a common object and challenge yourself: How many observations about the object can you make? Remember that details are the key. • Answers will vary.

  8. Chapter review questionsanswer # 1, 2, 5-9, 16, 19-21, 23, 24 (pgs. 40-41) 7. What are some qualities that scientists share? 8. How do scientists support their hypotheses? 9. Describe the way in which a scientist might approach a question. 16. Think about Evan Forde’s seventh grade experience, when his science teacher asked him to write down observations about a candle. Take a common object and challenge yourself: How many observations about the object can you make? Remember that details are the key.

  9. Chapter review questionsanswer # 1, 2, 5-9, 16, 19-21, 23, 24 (pgs. 40-41) 19. How many times was the water level tested in Study 1? in Study 2? • Study 1: 4 times; Study 2: 9 times 20. During Study 1, by how much did the water level decline between the first measurement and the final measurement? • About 40 feet 21. During Study 2, by how much did the water level decline between the first measurement and the final measurement? • About 40 feet

  10. Chapter review questionsanswer # 1, 2, 5-9, 16, 19-21, 23, 24 (pgs. 40-41) 23. What must have taken place between the measurement taken near March 1, 1995, and the one taken September 1, 1995? • There must have been a lot of rain. 24. If a third study were done, what do you think a graph made from its data would look like? Explain your thinking. • If it covered the same months, it would probably look the same as the other two studies. There are probably periods of rainy months & dry months in each season of the year. These would be roughly the same from year to year.

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