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Comparative Religions. Elizabeth Pham. Islam. Islam. How It Began: Founder: Muhammed Founded: 610 C.E. (Muhammed received first revelation) Point of Origin: Mecca Where It Spread:
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Comparative Religions Elizabeth Pham
Islam • How It Began: • Founder: Muhammed • Founded: 610 C.E. (Muhammed received first revelation) • Point of Origin: • Mecca • Where It Spread: • West and East Africa, Philippines, Central Asia, Western China, India, Malaysia, Indonesia, North America, and Europe. A Muslim must make a pilgrimage to Mecca once in their life. In the heart of Mecca, lays the Ka’aba. He/she must walk around the Ka’aba seven times and then, the Black Stone.
Islam [cont.] • How It Spread: • Trade • Where Most Influential Today: • India and Indonesia, however being the fastest growing religion, North America is giving way to many Muslims. • Followers, worldwide: • 1,387,454,500 Prayer 5 times a day is part of the Five Pillars. When praying it is important to face the direction of Mecca, thus, everyone in the above picture is facing the same direction.
Islam [cont.] • Holy Book: • The Qur'an (or Koran) • Main God/gods/deities: • Allah • Basic Beliefs: • Strictly monotheistic; Allah is the • Muslims must practice 5 Pillars of Islam • Submission to Allah • Fasting during Ramadan • Prayer 5 times a day • Pilgrimage to Mecca • Zakat (pay alms to needy) The sacred text of Islam is the Qur’an, which is shown in the above picture.
Islam [cont.] • Religious Leader Organization: • Caliph is Islamic leader. • Sects Evolved Overtime: • Shiites • Sunnis The Holy Mosque (Masjid Al-Haram) in Mecca is the most famous Mosque in the world and holds the holy Black Stone, the Ka’aba.
Buddhism • How It Began: • Founder: Siddhartha Gautama (The Buddha) • Founded: c. 525 B.C.E. • Point of Origin: • near present-day Benares, India • Where It Spread: • Mainly throughout Asia and North America. The Life of a Buddhist Monk is meant to be simplistic. Thus, the shave their heads and wear robes in order to rid themselves of vanity.
Buddhism [cont.] • How It Spread: By Trade and as Ashoka the Great spread the word throughout his Mauryan Dynasty • Where Most Influential: Buddhism is predominately practiced in Asia • Followers, worldwide: 385,609,000 • Holy Book: The Tripitaka and Mahayana Sutras The Dharmashakra represents the Eightfold Path.
Buddhism [cont.] • Main God/gods/deities: • no divine being • Basic Beliefs: • Karma • Reincarnation • Birth, Life, Death, Rebirth • Four Noble Truths • Life means suffering • Origin of suffering is desire. • The stopping of all suffering is possible • By following the correct path, one can achieve Nirvana (the state of no suffering). • The Eightfold Path will lead to the cessation of suffering.
Buddhism [cont.] • Religious Leader Organization: • Monastic order where traditions passed down between monks and nuns • Sects Evolved Overtime: • Mahayana (Zen & Sokagakkai) • Theravada • Vajrayana (Tantrism) One of the eight auspicious symbols for Buddhism, the white lotus represents the state of spiritual perfection.
Christianity • How It Began: • Founder: Jesus (of Nazareth) • Founded: c. 33 C.E. • Point of Origin: • Palestine • Where It Spread: • Europe, North America, and South America A painting of Jesus Christ.
Christianity [cont.] • How It Spread: • Constantine made it the official religion of the Roman Empire. • Where Most Influential Today: • Europe, North America, and South America • Followers, worldwide: • 2,199, 817,400 Jesus Christ died on the Cross in order to forgive everyone’s sins, thus, the cross is a symbol to represent Christianity.
Christianity [cont.] • Holy Book: • The Bible • Main God/gods/deities: • God • Basic Beliefs: • Monotheistic • Jesus died on the cross to forgive everyone's sins • The Bible tells the life of Jesus • Heaven and Hell
Christianity [cont.] • Religious Leader Organization: • The Pope is head of the church. • Sects Evolved Overtime: • Main sects include • Roman Catholic • Eastern Orthodox • Protestant A church of Eastern Orthodox, one sect of Christianity.
Hinduism • How It Began: • Founder: Not Specified • Founded: c. 1500 B.C.E. • Point of Origin: • India • Where It Spread: • Mainly India, Nepal, Malaysia, Guyana, Suriname, and Sri Lanka. Symbol for Hinduism.
Hinduism [cont.] • How It Spread: • Trade • Where Most Influential Today: • India and Nepal • Followers, worldwide: • 875,726,000 A statue of Shiva, a Hindu trinity God.
Hinduism [cont.] • Holy Book: • Vedas, Upanishads, Sutras, Bhagavad Gita • Main God/gods/deities: • Brahman, Shiva, Vishnu, Devi • Basic Beliefs: • Four Vedas • Karma • Reincarnation
Hinduism [cont.] • Religious Leader • Organization: Spiritual leaders known as gurus and sages. • Sects Evolved Overtime: • Shaivism • Vaishnavism Vishnu, a Hindu trinity God.
Judaism • How It Began: • Founder: c. 2000 B.C.E. • Founded: Abraham • Point of Origin: • Israel • Where It Spread: • Mainly across Israel and United States For each night of Hanukah, a Jewish holiday, one candle is lit on the menorah.
Judaism [cont.] • How It Spread: • Started by passing down through families. • Where Most Influential Today: • Israel • Followers, worldwide: • 14,956,000
Judaism [cont.] • Holy Book: • The Torah • Main God/gods/deities: • God • Basic Beliefs: • Monotheistic • Stresses ethical behavior • God has special relationship with Hebrews; they shall bear witness to God’s mercy. The Holy Book of Judaism, the Torah.
Judaism [cont.] • Religious Leader Organization: • Other than the Rabbi, who teaches and preaches Judaism, there is no overall religious leader. • Sects Evolved Overtime: • Orthodox • Conservative • Reform • Reconstructionist • Humanist The Star of David.
Confucianism • How It Began: • Founder: Confucius • Founded: 6th-5th Century C.E. • Point of Origin: • China • Where It Spread: • Koreans, Japan, Vietnam and Europe. The Chinese symbol for Confucianism.
Confucianism [cont.] • How It Spread: • Chinese tradition; Became state doctrine for the Han Dynasty • Where Most Influential Today: • China • Followers, worldwide: • 6,111,100 An analect of Confucianism.
Confucianism [cont.] • Holy Book: • Confucianism followed many different documents as sacred text, including, but not limited to: The Confucian Analects, The Doctrine of The Mean, The Book of Odes, The Book of Changes, The Book of Rites, and The Book of Filial Piety • Main God/gods/deities: • God • Basic Beliefs: • Because Confucianism was more of a moral code, the basic beliefs were simply the stressing of certain values: • Li: ritual, propriety, etiquette, etc. • Hsiao: love among family members • Yi: righteousness • Xin: honesty and trustworthiness • Jen: benevolence towards others; the highest Confucian virtue • Chung: loyalty to the state, etc.
Confucianism [cont.] • Religious Leader Organization: • There’s no set religious leader for Confucianism. • Sects Evolved Overtime: • There are no formal sects of Confucianism, however Neo-Confucianism could be considered as Confucianism evolving over time, as it incorporates ideas from Buddhism and Daoism to form. A depiction of the founder of Confucianism, Confucius.