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Invasive plants – What are they? b) Ecological definitions and characterizations

Invasive plants – What are they? b) Ecological definitions and characterizations. Nevada’s Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy ( http://agri.nv.gov/nwac/weedplan_p.htm ). Invasive plants – What are they? b) Ecological definitions and characterizations.

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Invasive plants – What are they? b) Ecological definitions and characterizations

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  1. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations Nevada’s Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy (http://agri.nv.gov/nwac/weedplan_p.htm)

  2. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • Nevada’s Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy • Prepared by Nevada Weed Action Committee (NV Dept. Ag) • Included local, state, and federal agencies/governments; NCE; private sector

  3. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • Nevada’s Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy • Nevada Weed Action Committee • Uses USDA definition of noxious weeds: “species of plants that cause disease or are injurious to crops, livestock or land, and thus are detrimental to agriculture, commerce or public health”

  4. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • Nevada’s Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy • Nevada Weed Action Committee • Noxious weed definition • Invasive weeds often share characteristics such as • Highly competitive Cause environmental degradation • Exotic Easily spread • Highly aggressive Are difficult to control • Cause economic loss Augment wildfires

  5. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • Nevada’s Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy • Nevada Weed Action Committee • Noxious weed definition • Invasive weed characteristics • “Species of concern” • Species that have potential to cause greatest impact on Nevada’s ecosystem and economic well being • Not all are on noxious weed list • Includes: • Red brome Cheatgrass • Whitetops Knapweeds • Yellow starthistle Thistles • Rush skeletonweed Medusahead • Saltcedar Watermilfoil

  6. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy • The Nature Conservancy (http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu/common.html) • Invasive species are: • Spread from human settings into wild • Once wild, continue to reproduce • Displace native species; reduces biodiversity • Usually non-native

  7. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Ecologists have used different words for invasive species • Alien Exotic • Invasive Non-indigenous • Imported Weedy • Introduced Non-native • Immigrant Colonizer • Naturalized

  8. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Ecologists have used different words for invasive species • Nomenclature based on 3 major colonization concepts • Dispersal: Short Long

  9. NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Ecologists have used different words for invasive species • Nomenclature based on 3 major colonization concepts • Dispersal: Short Long • Uniqueness: Common Novel Common Novel • Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations

  10. NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Ecologists have used different words for invasive species • Nomenclature based on 3 major colonization concepts • Dispersal: Short Long • Uniqueness: Common Novel Common Novel • Impact: Small Great Small Great Small Great Small Great • Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations

  11. NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Ecologists have used different words for invasive species • Nomenclature based on 3 major colonization concepts • Dispersal: Short Long • Uniqueness: Common Novel Common Novel • Impact: Small Great Small Great Small Great Small Great • 8 ways to be a colonizer • Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations

  12. NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Ecologists have used different words for invasive species • Nomenclature based on 3 major colonization concepts • Dispersal: Short Long • Uniqueness: Common Novel Common Novel • Impact: Small Great Small Great Small Great Small Great • SC SC SC SC • 8 ways to be a colonizer • SC = successional colonizers • Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations

  13. NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Ecologists have used different words for invasive species • Nomenclature based on 3 major colonization concepts • Dispersal: Short Long • Uniqueness: Common Novel Common Novel • Impact: Small Great Small Great Small Great Small Great • SC SC NNC SC SC NNC • 8 ways to be a colonizer • SC = successional colonizers • NNC = novel, noninvasive colonizers • Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations

  14. NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Ecologists have used different words for invasive species • Nomenclature based on 3 major colonization concepts • Dispersal: Short Long • Uniqueness: Common Novel Common Novel • Impact: Small Great Small Great Small Great Small Great • SC SC NNC NIC SC SC NNC NIC • 8 ways to be a colonizer • SC = successional colonizers • NNC = novel, noninvasive colonizers • NIC = novel, invasive colonizers • Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations

  15. NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Ecologists have used different words for invasive species • Nomenclature based on 3 major colonization concepts • Dispersal: Short Long • Uniqueness: Common Novel Common Novel • Impact: Small Great Small Great Small Great Small Great • SC SC NNC NIC SC SC NNC NIC • 8 ways to be a colonizer, but only 2 ways to be an invader • SC = successional colonizers • NNC = novel, noninvasive colonizers • NIC = novel, invasive colonizers • Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations

  16. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Richardson et al. (2000) • Processes and barriers

  17. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy Davis & Thompson (2000) Richardson et al. (2000) Process Introduction Introduced area Home range

  18. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy Davis & Thompson (2000) Richardson et al. (2000) Process Barrier Introduction Geographic Introduced area Geographic Home range

  19. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy Davis & Thompson (2000) Richardson et al. (2000) Process Barrier If successful Introduction Geographic Alien Introduced area Geographic Home range

  20. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy Davis & Thompson (2000) Richardson et al. (2000) Process Barrier If successful Introduction Geographic Alien Naturalization Environmental Casual Introduced area Geographic Environment Home range

  21. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy Davis & Thompson (2000) Richardson et al. (2000) Process Barrier If successful Introduction Geographic Alien Naturalization Environmental Casual Reproductive Naturalized Introduced area Geographic Environment Reproduce Home range

  22. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy Davis & Thompson (2000) Richardson et al. (2000) Process Barrier If successful Introduction Geographic Alien Naturalization Environmental Casual Reproductive Naturalized Invasion Dispersal Invasive Introduced area Geographic Environment Reproduce Home range Disperse Natural area Disturbed area

  23. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Richardson et al. (2000) • Processes and barriers • Definitions • Alien plants = plant taxa in a given area whose presence is due to intentional or accidental introduction as a result of human activity

  24. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Richardson et al. (2000) • Processes and barriers • Definitions • Alien plants = plant taxa in a given area whose presence is due to intentional or accidental introduction as a result of human activity • How determine? • Disjunct geographic range (Richardson et al.) • typically >100 km or past a known geographic barrier

  25. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Richardson et al. (2000) • Processes and barriers • Definitions • Alien plants = plant taxa in a given area whose presence is due to intentional or accidental introduction as a result of human activity • How determine? • Disjunct geographic range (Richardson et al.) • 9 types of evidence (Schwartz in Luken & Thieret 1997) • Fossil evidence

  26. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Richardson et al. (2000) • Processes and barriers • Definitions • Alien plants = plant taxa in a given area whose presence is due to intentional or accidental introduction as a result of human activity • How determine? • Disjunct geographic range (Richardson et al.) • 9 types of evidence (Schwartz in Luken & Thieret 1997) • Fossil evidence • Historical evidence

  27. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Richardson et al. (2000) • Processes and barriers • Definitions • Alien plants = plant taxa in a given area whose presence is due to intentional or accidental introduction as a result of human activity • How determine? • Disjunct geographic range (Richardson et al.) • 9 types of evidence (Schwartz in Luken & Thieret 1997) • Fossil evidence • Historical evidence • Habitat

  28. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Richardson et al. (2000) • Processes and barriers • Definitions • Alien plants = plant taxa in a given area whose presence is due to intentional or accidental introduction as a result of human activity • How determine? • Disjunct geographic range (Richardson et al.) • 9 types of evidence (Schwartz in Luken & Thieret 1997) • Fossil evidence • Historical evidence • Habitat • Geographic distribution

  29. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Richardson et al. (2000) • Processes and barriers • Definitions • Alien plants = plant taxa in a given area whose presence is due to intentional or accidental introduction as a result of human activity • How determine? • Disjunct geographic range (Richardson et al.) • 9 types of evidence (Schwartz in Luken & Thieret 1997) • Fossil evidence • Historical evidence • Habitat • Geographic distribution • Frequency of naturalization

  30. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Richardson et al. (2000) • Processes and barriers • Definitions • Alien plants = plant taxa in a given area whose presence is due to intentional or accidental introduction as a result of human activity • How determine? • Disjunct geographic range (Richardson et al.) • 9 types of evidence (Schwartz in Luken & Thieret 1997) • Fossil evidence Genetic diversity • Historical evidence • Habitat • Geographic distribution • Frequency of naturalization

  31. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Richardson et al. (2000) • Processes and barriers • Definitions • Alien plants = plant taxa in a given area whose presence is due to intentional or accidental introduction as a result of human activity • How determine? • Disjunct geographic range (Richardson et al.) • 9 types of evidence (Schwartz in Luken & Thieret 1997) • Fossil evidence Genetic diversity • Historical evidence Reproductive pattern • Habitat • Geographic distribution • Frequency of naturalization

  32. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Richardson et al. (2000) • Processes and barriers • Definitions • Alien plants = plant taxa in a given area whose presence is due to intentional or accidental introduction as a result of human activity • How determine? • Disjunct geographic range (Richardson et al.) • 9 types of evidence (Schwartz in Luken & Thieret 1997) • Fossil evidence Genetic diversity • Historical evidence Reproductive pattern • Habitat Possible means of introduction • Geographic distribution • Frequency of naturalization

  33. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Richardson et al. (2000) • Processes and barriers • Definitions • Alien plants = plant taxa in a given area whose presence is due to intentional or accidental introduction as a result of human activity • How determine? • Disjunct geographic range (Richardson et al.) • 9 types of evidence (Schwartz in Luken & Thieret 1997) • Fossil evidence Genetic diversity • Historical evidence Reproductive pattern • Habitat Possible means of introduction • Geographic distribution Oligophagous insects • Frequency of naturalization

  34. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Richardson et al. (2000) • Processes and barriers • Definitions • Alien plants • Casual alien plants = alien plants that flourish (and even occasionally reproduce), but do not form self-replacing populations. Continued presence depends on re-introductions.

  35. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Richardson et al. (2000) • Processes and barriers • Definitions • Alien plants • Casual alien plants • Naturalized plants = alien plants that reproduce consistently and sustain populations over many life cycles without direct intervention by humans

  36. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Richardson et al. (2000) • Processes and barriers • Definitions • Alien plants • Casual alien plants • Naturalized plants • Invasive plants = naturalized plants that produce reproductive offspring (often in large numbers) at considerable distance from parent plants • >100m & <50 years for seed dispersing species • >6 m & >3 years for vegetatively reproducing species

  37. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Richardson et al. (2000) • Processes and barriers • Definitions • Alien plants • Casual alien plants • Naturalized plants • Invasive plants Increasing level of reproductive success

  38. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Richardson et al. (2000) • Processes and barriers • Definitions • Alien plants • Casual alien plants • Naturalized plants • Invasive plants • Weeds = plants that grow in sites where they are not wanted; usually have economic or environmental effects Increasing level of reproductive success

  39. Invasive plants – What are they? • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy Nature Conservancy • Davis & Thompson (2000) • Richardson et al. (2000) • Processes and barriers • Definitions • Alien plants • Casual alien plants • Naturalized plants • Invasive plants • Weeds • Transformers = subset of invasive plants that change ecosystems Increasing level of reproductive success

  40. Invasive plants – What are they? • a) State and Federal laws and regulations • Important from legal perspective • b) Ecological definitions and characterizations • Important for understanding the ecological processes and consequently, how to prevent and control invasions

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