Billy Frank Uclan

1. “…a principal of dynamic value in progressive colonial policy”: Mainstreaming the co-operative ideal in British Africa 1945 - 1975 Billy Frank Uclan

2. Today… • How did I get here? • Fabians/Labour wartime planning • Colonial drive for ‘co-operation’ • Need for training (and staff – European and African) • Effective Colonial Development Policy? • Training in Co-operative methods • Curriculum

3. Arthur Creech Jones 1943 “I doubt if the importance of co-operative enterprise in the healthy development of colonial areas has been properly comprehended even by those who have been most ardent in checking abuses and working for the general prosperity and social well being of the colonial peoples” Review of International Co-operation (ICA) July 1943

6. By 1949…

9. Advisory Committees • Wartime committees • Advisory Committee on Cooperatives • Exists in one form or another from 1946 • Digby and Surridge, Marshall et al • Department of Technical Cooperation 1961 (col dev) • CO – CRO become Commonwealth Office 1966 • Ministry of Overseas Development 1964 • Consultative Panel on Co-operation • Overseas Development Administration

10. ACC – Dept. Technical Co-operation 1964

11. ACC Report 1964 • “Since the pattern has been created on British lines and out of British experience we consider that there should be a continuing interest in Britain in Co-operative Development in all the countries of the Commonwealth and the Department of Technical Co-operation should coordinate all possible types of assistance from Britain.” • Role of ‘advice’, ‘assistance’, ‘aid’ – funded through the various Regional Programmes

12. Margaret Digby (Plunkett Fdn.) • A Manual of Cooperative Law and Practice [by] B. J. Surridge and Margaret Digby Prepared Under the Auspices of the Horace Plunkett Foundation for Cooperative Studies • 1948, 1958, 1967, 1978

14. Gavin Green • By mid-1960s government looking to (perhaps) ‘freshen up’ advisory committees generally (Castle) • ‘expert generation’

18. Training and Education