Recognizing the Importance of Plant and Soil Science

1. Reminder: student learning activities are at the end of this power point. Recognizing the Importance of Plant and Soil Science

2. Common Core/Next Generation Science Standards Addressed! WHST.6‐8.1- Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence. (MS‐LS2‐4) WHST.6‐8.9-Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. (MS‐LS1‐6),(MS‐LS2‐4) WHST.6‐8.8- Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources; assess the credibility of each source; and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism and providing basic bibliographic information for sources. (MS‐LS4‐5) SL.8.5- Include multimedia components and visual displays in presentations to clarify claims and findings and emphasize salient points. (MS‐LS3‐1)

3. Career Cluster Content Standards – Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources. • Pathway Content Standard: The student will demonstrate competence in the application of scientific principles and techniques to the production and management of plants. • PS.01. Performance Element: Apply knowledge of plant classification, plant anatomy and plant physiology to the production and management of plants. • PS.01.01. Performance Indicator: Classify agricultural plants according to taxonomy systems. • PS.01.01.01.a. Explain systems used to classify plants.

4. Teacher -Interest Approach • Ask students to name the top five crops in terms of amount produced in New Mexico. Create a listing of five columns on the board. Put the name of one of the top five crops at top of each column. Then ask the students to name uses of each of the various crops. Create a list of uses in the column below each crop.

5. Bell Work!

6. Terms • Agronomy • Cereal Grain • Fibers • Field Crops • Floriculture • Food Crop Horticulture • Foliage • Forage • Forestry • Grain Crops • Grasses • Herb • Horticultural Crops

7. Terms Cont’ • Interiorscaping • Landscape Horticulture • Legumes • Oil Crops • Olericulture • Ornamental Crops • Ornamental Horticulture • Plant Domestication

8. What are the various roles plants play in everyday life? • Plants are the base of food chain for all living things. • Plants are able to utilize inorganic elements and incorporate them into living tissues. • Many organisms rely on plants for the energy to carry out life processes

9. Roles of Plants in Everyday lives of all living things • Edible plants- whole plants or portions of plants, such as seeds and fruits, are used as a food source for many types of animals, including humans • Most important is the cereal grains • Rice, corn, wheat, sorghum and barley

10. Areas unable to grow cereal grains well grow starchy root crops • Yams, sweet potatoes, and manioc or cassava • 88% of world’s total calorie intake comes from plants • 80% of world’s protein intake comes from plants • Also used in the production of beverages • Coffee, tea, and fruit juice

11. The role of plants in the world’s industries • Industrial use-there are several important products produced from plants, such as wood, fibers, oils, and rubber. • Many fibers are used in textile manufacturing • Cotton, flax, and hemp plants

12. Wood from timber production is used for furniture, homes, and many other products Many chemicals are also derived from trees Acetic acid, methanol, and turpentine

13. Impact of plants on the Medical Industry • Medicinal uses- the importance that plants play in the development of medicines is becoming increasingly evident. • Many believe that the key to curing many of our most deadly diseases such as cancer and AIDS may lie within some undiscovered plant compound

14. Plants are also used for their oils Oils-many plants store oil as a food reserved in the seeds and fruits of the plant Most of the plant oils are used in food production for humans, but some are used in industry Most important is the soybean, others would include coconut, sunflower, peanut, cottonseed, and rapeseed.

15. What are the various segments of plant and soil science? • Soil science is the study of the structure, composition, fertility, use, and protection of soil. • Soil is top layer of the earth’s crust • Plant Science is the study of the structure, functions, growth, and protection of plants.

16. Plant Science can be divided into three groups • Field crops- include plants grown in large fields and are used for oil, fiber, grain, and similar products • Corn and wheat grown for their grain but other parts of the plant can be utilized • Agronomy is a specialized area of plant science that deals with field crops • Include relationship between plants and soil

17. Horticulture can be further be broken down into two areas • Horticulture crops are grown for food, comfort, and beauty • Ornamental Horticulture is the growing and using plants for their beauty. It contains three areas

18. Floriculture is the production and use of plants for their flowers and foliage • Foliage is the stems and leaves of the plant 2.Landscape horticulture is the growing and using plants to make the outdoor environment more appealing • Includes shrubs, flowering plants, and lawn areas 3.Interiorscaping is using plants inside buildings to create an attractive indoor environment

19. Food Crop Horticulture is the growing plants for food, which can be divided into two areas • Olericulture is the science of producing vegetable crops • Pomology is the science of producing fruits and nuts.

20. Forestry- is the science of growing trees and producing wood products. • Tree farms are cultured forests that have been carefully planned, established and maintained. • Requires a great deal of labor and management to assure high quality timber

21. What are some important types of plants and what are their uses? • Very few wild plants are used in our everyday lives, most plants have been domesticated

22. Plant domestication is removing plants from their native wild environment and growing them under controlled conditions • Important field and horticultural crops are divided into seven categories

23. Grain crops- include plants grown for their edible seeds not including the horticultural crops • Cereal grain is the seed of grass-type plants grown for food and animal feed • Rice, corn, wheat, oats, barley, rye, and sorghum

24. Sugar and oil crops- are produced for two commodities: sweeteners and vegetable oil • Sugar crops are used as a source of sucrose • Sucrose is a carbohydrate that provides energy for physical activity by the body • Sugar beets, corn and sugar cane are major crops but also include honey, maple syrup, and some kinds of sorghum • Oil crops- are plants grown for the vegetable oil contained in their seed and fruit. • Major crops include: soybeans, cotton, canola, and corn

25. 3. Fiber crops- are grown for the fiber produced in their fruit, leaves, or stems • Fibers are tiny threadlike structures used in manufacturing cloth, paper, and other materials • Cotton, flax, kenaf, hemp, jute, and ramie 4. Vegetable, fruit, and nut crops- crops are grown primarily for food • Vegetable crops may be grown for different parts of the plant, such as leaves, stems, seed, and roots

26. 5. Forage- crops are primarily grasses and legumes Grasses are non-woody plants that have parallel veins in their leaves

27. Legumes are broadleaf plants that have the potential of fixing nitrogen from the air in the soil • Forage is the leaves and stems of plants used for animal feed • Most nutritious while plant is young and before seed mature • Can be harvested by animals grazing in a pasture or cut, dried, and stored for feel later

28. 6. Ornamental and turf crops- include flowers, shrubs, vines, and other species grown for their beauty and personal appeal • Turf comprises plants used to present a pleasing appearance and proetect soil • Plants are low-growing, fine-leaved grasses used in lawns and to cover the ground to prevent soil erosion

29. 7. Others crops- many other crops grown for a variety of uses • Beverage crops such as coffee, tea, and cocoa, are typically grown in tropical areas • Herbs and spices are grown in small quantities throughout North America • Have little food value but make food taste better or more appealing • An herb is a non-woody plant with leaves, seed or other parts used as medicine or to enhance food • Spice is an aromatic plant part that is used to season food • Medicinal plants are those used in making human medicines

30. Review/Summary What are the various roles plants play in everyday life? What are the various segments of plant and soil science? What are some important types of plants and what are their uses?

31. What category of plant was This young man named after?

32. The End NEXT: Student Learning Activities

33. Student Learning Activities Sample tests are available in the Lesson Plan tab.

34. List the seven categories of important field and horticulture crops in North America. For each category, give an example of a crop that would be found in that category.

35. Have students create a pie graph with the world grain production statistics. • The crops that they need to include are: • Maize • Sorghum • Wheat • Barley • Rice

36. Name:___________________________ Fill in the pie chart with the grain production statistics, that you learned about in the power point.

37. Fill in the pie chart with the grain production statistics, that you learned about in the power point.

38. Have students create a bar graph with the world oil seed crop production statistics. • The crops they need to include are: • Soybeans • Coconut • Cottonseed • Rapeseed • Peanuts • Sunflower • Palm • Olive • And other

39. KEY