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Descent with Modification

Learn about Lamarck’s hypothesis of evolution and Darwin’s theory of descent with modification. Explore the classification of species by Linnaeus and the concept of drug-resistant bacteria.

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Descent with Modification

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  1. Descent with Modification By STUDENT NAME(S)

  2. Classification of Species Carolus Linnaeus – 1750’s developed the binominal nomenclature system of classification Latin: Genus species Fig. 1: Carlus Linnaeus (University of California Museum of Paleontology 1) Fig. 2: Classification of Animals (Corsi 20)

  3. Classification of Species • The binominal nomenclature system of classification is a “modern” system for classifying life. • Each species is assigned a two-part scientific name. • Write in italics or underlined • First word is capitalized (Genus) • Second word is lower case (species) (University of California Museum of Paleontology 1)

  4. Lamarck’s Hypothesis of Evolution • “Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck was a French biologist and in 1809 he published his findings and hypothesis on evolution” (Corsi 291). • He had two major principles: • Use and disuse - that body parts that were used became stronger and those that were not used deteriorated • Inheritance of acquired characteristics - an organism can pass modifications off to its offspring Fig 1: Lamarck’s Giraffe (Corsi 10)

  5. Lamarck’s Giraffes Fig 1: Lamarck’s Giraffe (Corsi 23) • Lamarck discussed how these animals were driven by an inner need to become “more complex”. • This mechanism was later proven incorrect. • Today, we know that traits acquired by use during life are not inherited in the way he proposed. • While his hypothesis is incorrect, he did propose revolutionary ideas and give a testable explanation for change in species (Corsi 123).

  6. Darwin’s Descent with Modification • While Darwin never actually mentions the word evolution in his “Origin of Species”, he does discuss descent with modification - a term that encapsulates his views on life and its progression (Darwin 20). • He thought that “the unity of life” was a result of a descent of all organisms from an ancestor. • While each organism lived in their own specific habitat, they developed modifications and/or adaptations to help them fit into their environment and life. Fig 1: Darwin’s Descent with Modification (Darwin 120)

  7. Darwin’s Theory | Adaptation Fig 1: Darwin’s Finches (Darwin 90) • From his Voyage on the Beagle, Darwin observed many organisms that had enhanced their survival and reproduction characteristics for their specific environment. • He noted that the adaptation to the environment and the origin of a new species were related. • "Based on an ancestral form, these finches, from the Galapagos Islands, had diversified and gradually acclimated to their environment to form several new species” (Darwin 100).

  8. Drug Resistant Bacteria Fig 1: Antibiotics Resistance (Corsi 9)

  9. Bibliography Corsi, Pietro. The Age of Lamarck: Evolutionary Theories in France, 1790-1830. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988. Print. Darwin, Charles, 1809-1882. On The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. London :John Murray, 1859. Print. Understanding Evolution. 2019. University of California Museum of Paleontology. 22 August 2008 <http://evolution.berkeley.edu/>.

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