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Care of Gastrointestinal Disorders

Care of Gastrointestinal Disorders. Unit 4. Gastrointestinal Disorders. Study your terms! Review of the digestive process Digestion is the process by which food is prepared to be absorbed and utilized Two processes Mechanical Chemical

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Care of Gastrointestinal Disorders

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  1. Care of Gastrointestinal Disorders Unit 4 Med-Surg 2

  2. Gastrointestinal Disorders • Study your terms! • Review of the digestive process • Digestion is the process by which food is prepared to be absorbed and utilized • Two processes • Mechanical • Chemical • Absorption is the process in which nutrients pass into the circulation Med-Surg 2

  3. Gastrointestinal Disorders • Factors affecting digestion and absorption • Lost teeth, poorly fitting dentures, or no teeth • Recumbent positioning during eating • Emotions • Pathologic disease Med-Surg 2

  4. Gastrointestinal Disorders • Gastric Gavage and procedure • Gastric Lavage and procedure • Decompression-removes air and fluids • Types of tubes • Levine • Miller-Abbott, Cantor, or Harris Med-Surg 2

  5. Gastrointestinal Disorders • Purposes for tubes • Prevention of abdominal distention, nausea and vomiting • Removal of gastric content • Protect suture line from pressure • Relieve intestinal obstruction Med-Surg 2

  6. Gastrointestinal Disorders • Decompression tube care • Suction must be in working order • Secured in place • Assessments • Discomforts • Blockages Med-Surg 2

  7. Gastrointestinal Disorders • TPN – Total Parenteral Nutrition (also called hyperalimentation) • Laparatomy • Pre-op • Post-op • Colostomy • Ileostomy • Continent or pouch ileostomy Med-Surg 2

  8. Gastrointestinal Disorders • Ostomy care • Immediately post-op prevent wound contamination • Skin care • Odor prevention • Diarrhea prevention • Observations and appliance care • Emotional aspects Med-Surg 2

  9. Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders • Oral Cancer-most are squamous cell carcinomas • Stomatitis-inflammation of the mouth • Gingivitis-inflammation of the gums • Esophagitis and GERD-inflammation of the esophagus Med-Surg 2

  10. Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders • Esophageal Varicies-tortuous, distended vessels of the esophagus • Cancer of the Esophagus-most are squamous cell carcinomas • Esophageal Diverticulum- outpouching of the mucosa • Hiatal Hernia-protrusion of part of the stomach through a defect in the diaphragm where the esophagus passes through Med-Surg 2

  11. Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders • Gastritis-inflammation of the stomach lining • Ulcers-loss of tissue • Cancer of the Stomach- usually malignant • Gastric Resection-surgical removal of all or part of the stomach • Billroth l and Billroth ll Med-Surg 2

  12. Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders • Medications • Anti-Ulcer agents • Histamine inhibitors (H2 antagonists) • cimetidine (Tagamet) • ranitidine (Zantac) • famitodine (Pepcid) • nizatidine (Axid) • Antisecretory agents • misoprostol (Cytotec) Med-Surg 2

  13. Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders • Medications • Proton pump inhibitors • omeprazole (Prilosec) • Lansoprazole (Prevacid) • Antacids • Amphogel • Gelusil – aluminum with magnesium simethicone • Maalox – aluminum with magnesium • MOM – magnesium • Mylanta – aluminum with magnesium simethicone • Riopan • Tums Med-Surg 2

  14. Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders • Constipation-most common GI disorder • Crohn’s Disease-chronic inflammation of ileum, common in young adults • Peritonitis-inflammation of all or part of the peritoneum, the membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity • Abdominal Hernia-protrusion of the intestines through a weakness in the abdominal wall • Reducible • Irreducible/incarcerated • Strangulated Med-Surg 2

  15. Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders • Ulcerative Colitis-chronic inflammatory disease of colon and rectal mucosa • Appendicitis-inflammation of the vermiform appendix • Ileus-intestinal obstruction • Diverticulitis-inflammation of the diverticula, most common over 50 • Colon and Rectal Cancer Med-Surg 2

  16. Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders • Medications • Laxatives • Bulk-forming • Stool Softeners • Mineral Oil • Saline Laxatives • Stimulant Laxatives Med-Surg 2

  17. Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders • Medications • Anti-diarrheals • Kaopectate (kaolin and pectin) • Lomotil (diphenoxylate w/atropine) • Imodium (loperamide) • Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) • Lactinex (lactobacillus acidophilus) • Antispasmodics • Banthine (menthantheline) • Bentyl (dicyclomine hydrochloride) Med-Surg 2

  18. Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders • Hemorrhoids-mass of dilated, tortuous veins in the anorectum • Anal Fistula-abnormal, infectious, tube- like passage • Anal Fissure-ulcer, or laceration • Pilonidal Cyst-cyst in sacrococcygeal region Med-Surg 2

  19. Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders • Liver Diseases • Cirrhosis-inflammation and formation of dense connective tissue in the liver, leading to degeneration of liver cells with fatty cell infiltration • Hepatitis-inflammation of the liver from viral or toxic factors • Pre-icteric • Icteric • Post-icteric Med-Surg 2

  20. Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders • Gallbladder Diseases • Cholecystitis-inflammation of the gallbladder caused by an obstruction • Cholelithiasis-formation of gallstones Med-Surg 2

  21. Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders • Pancreatic Disease • Pancreatitis-acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas • Cancer End of Unit Med-Surg 2

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