Introduction

1. Introduction ID-439 Contract Design I

2. What is Commercial Design?

3. History of Offices • Business has been conducted for thousands of years, evident in rooms found in the Pharaoh's palaces, cathedrals of the Middle Ages. • Industrial Revolution was a major factor in the development of offices outside the home. Moved from agricultural economy to an industrial economy. Office spaces during this period used a closed concept. • The late 19th and early 20th century saw a growth in office design with a specialization in commercial interior design (Elsie de Wolfe and Dorothy Draper)

4. Larkin Administration Building • 1906, Frank Lloyd Wright • Buffalo, NY • Mail order supplier • 1st Open office

5. Larkin Administration Building

6. Larkin Administration Building

7. Bull Pens • Before WWII, most furniture consisted of freestanding desks, files and bookcases • The typical layout was called a “bull-pen” setup (the placement of desks on a grid with aisles in between with the executives separated to one side in enclosed windowed offices.) • The bullpen was popular until the 1960’s. Typically, there were a few high level executives that oversaw a large number of clerical type workers.

8. Development of Corporate Office

9. The Quickborner Team • Germany, 1959. Two brothers developed the concept of open office layout and brought the idea to the US in 1967. • They believed that many offices hindered work productivity. Their designs promoted good communication and flow. • Referred to as office landscaping. • Their plans were based upon a systems analysis of work flow and communication. • The layout was very free and non-rectilinear.

11. Robert Propst

12. Cubicle Jokes

13. The Big Four

14. Herman Miller – Action Office

15. Haworth Unigroup – Unigroup Too

16. Steelcase Series 9000

17. Knoll Equity

18. Types of Offices - Accounting

19. Types of Offices - Banks

20. Types of Offices- Law Firm

21. Types of Offices – Gov’t (GSA)

22. Types of Offices (Design Firm / Dentist)

23. Overview of Office Operation – The Executives • CEO: Chief Executive Officer, the highest ranking individual. In smaller companies this may be the president or the principle. • CFO: Chief Financial Officer, senior executive responsible for overseeing the financial risks of the company. • COO: Chief Operating Officer, senior executive responsible for the day to day activities of the company. • CIO: Chief Information Officer, senior executive responsible for overseeing a companies information technology. • CLO: Chief Legal Officer, senior executive repsonsible for overseeing the legal aspects of the company.

24. Vice President • The second highest layer of management. • They report directly to the CEO and are responsible for specific departments or division of the business • VP of Marketing • VP of Research • VP of Economic Development • VP of Engineering

25. Managers and Supervisors • Managers report to the VP over their division • Payroll Manager • Sales Manager • Facility Manager • Supervisors oversee and provide instruction to subordinates and administer discipline /penalties to workers. Supervisors report to the managers. • Supervisors make up the largest number of mid-management positions in a business.

26. Organizational Charts

27. The Designer’s Role: • Understand what each department does • Understand how the departments relate to each other • Understand what individuals do in each department • Understand the relationships of individuals to each other by department.

28. Divisions/Departments • Executive Division: Presidents, VP’s • Corporate/Legal Division: may consist of many departments such as Legal, Communications, Tax Dept., Real Estate, Insurance, Purchasing and Public Relations. • Finance Division: Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable • Operations Division: responsible for the production of goods or services. Engineering, Design Dept. • Marketing Division: advertising and sales • Administration Division: support services, receptionists, mail rooms, file/supply rooms, training rooms

29. Typical Office Spaces Executive suite – Staff offices – general office – reception- support areas

30. The Executive Division • The Executive Division consists of all the senior executives. • Sometimes called Vice Presidents (VP’s) • CEO, CFO, CEO, CIO, CLO. • This division determines the overall policies and implements the policies of the board of directors. • The Executive Suite often sets the tone of the business. The location is desirable and the material and furniture specified portray the image of the company. It should impress their customers.

31. Executive Boardroom Executive Boardroom: Convenient for guest access Must impress clients Might be adjacent to kitchen Might have access from CEO office Promote teleconferencing Flat screen, LCD projector Needs credenza for serving food and beverages.

32. Reception Area First Impression A lot of money is spent in this area Will have a waiting area nearby Executive suite should be nearby and visitors should not have to walk thru cluttered office areas Needs accent lights

33. General Office (Operations) Often utilizes the open office concept Customers may never actually see this area Considered the “operations” or “production” area Less money is spent in this area Managers / supervisors may have cubicles or dry wall offices

34. Support - Ancillary Supply storage Mail Rooms Central Files Resource Library Break room Staff Conference

35. Collaboration Space Used for weekly / daily meeting Should be flexible, use modular tables Provide multiple lighting options Shapes: Boat, racetrack, rectangle Provide modesty panel for training setups Durable surfaces Fixed ht. chairs or mechanical ht. mid-back chairs

36. Lounge Areas Create a fun space for employees to escape from work. Should be durable, easy to maintain Keep expenses down Break areas may exist on each floor of a multi-floor building

37. Dining Space • Recycling • Accessible sink • Collaboration area • Flexible • Food storage • Dishwasher drawers – reduce paper usage • Vending – healthy choices

38. Image • Your design should reflect the firm’s attitude toward several things: • Corporate Image • Budget • Goals and plans for the future • Attitude toward employees, customers and vendors • Corporate Culture and global perspective

39. Traditional Interior Law Firms Banks University Churches What is traditional? Mahogany, molding, stripes, leather, gold, burgundy, green and navy blue

40. Transitional Interior An all around “safe” option, neither too traditional nor too contemporary Less molding, cleaner lines with simple edge details.

41. Contemporary Interior Mixture of wood, metal and glass Ideal for Advertising Agencies Technology oriented

42. Status and Rank Status and Rank is established by : • Size of the office • Space standards • Set by job functions • Must respect space standards • Small firms may not have standards • Location of Office • Corner windows • views • Quality and Quantity of FF&E • Wood vs. laminate • Extra files/ bookcases/ credenza/ hutch

43. Office Furniture Terminology Desks (conventional furniture) • Executive • Typically 36 x 72 or larger • Single pedestal or Double Pedestal • Bridge • Table desk • Executive “U” or “L” • Secretarial • 30 x 60 or 30 x 66 • Secretarial “U” or “L”

44. Office Furniture Terminology • Credenza • Kneespace • Typically 24” deep and matches main desk (72” long) • Positioned behind the desk • Min. of 42” between desk and credenza, 48” is better • Storage Credenza • Does not offer space for a computer

45. Office Furniture Terminology Files and Storage • Vertical File • Old style file, typically 15” wide (letter) or 18” wide (Legal) • Usually 28 – 30” deep, max. of 5 drawers • Front-to-back filing method • Lateral File • New style, 30”, 36” or 42” wide • Usually 18” deep, max. of 5 drawers • Needs a counterweight • Must specify filing method: front-to-back or side-to-side, letter, legal, handing or compressor.

46. Office Furniture Terminology • Files and Storage • Open Files • Uses an end tab file folder • Medical offices • Need magnetic shelf divider to support files • Can be taller than 5 shelves high • Mobile Files • Installed on a track • Verify dead loads • Considered a high-density filling method

47. Office Furniture Terminology • Seating • Desk Chair – Generic • Task Chair – Ergonomic • Executive Chair – High-back • Management Chair – Mid-back • Conference Chair – Seminar Chair • Side or Guest Chair • Sled base, stacking, high density • Soft Seating : Lounge furniture When specifying chairs with castors, you MUST consider the flooring: Hard floor = soft castor Soft flooring = Hard castors

48. Seating Percentiles

49. Ergonomic Features Ergonomic Features • Height and width adjustable arms • Adjustable seat depth • Tension control • Waterfall fronts • Lumbar support • Seat pitch (negative pitch is best) • Seat height adjustment (18” – 23”) • Pneumatic vs. mechanical lifts Haworth – Fern Chair

50. Today’s office should: • Easily adapt to changing technology • Offer Flexibility • Support multi-generational employees • Support collaboration • Utilize innovative space planning – smaller office size for same function • Accommodate a diverse workforce • Support healthy lifestyles (active furnishings)