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Addressing the Network – IPv4

Addressing the Network – IPv4. Network Fundamentals – Chapter 6 Sandra Coleman, CCNA, CCAI. IP Addressing Structure. P arts of an IPv4 address. Total of 32 bits long!. Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses. T hree types of addresses in the network and the purpose of each.

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Addressing the Network – IPv4

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  1. Addressing the Network – IPv4 Network Fundamentals – Chapter 6 Sandra Coleman, CCNA, CCAI

  2. IP Addressing Structure • Parts of an IPv4 address. Total of 32 bits long!

  3. Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses • Three types of addresses in the network and the purpose of each

  4. Types of addresses • Network Address • standard way to refer to a network, e.g. "the 10.0.0.0 network.“ • All hosts in it have the same network bits (high-order bits). • The lowest address: reserved for the network address. • The part routers use to forward packets • Broadcast Address • Special address allowing communication to allhosts in a network. • Send a single packet addressed to the broadcast address, it’ll be sent to all hosts in the network. • Uses the highest address in the network range. • Host Address • Unique address that belong to every end device • The values range between the network address and the broadcast address.

  5. Types of networks • Unicast – • the process of sending a packet from one host to an individual host. • Used for all normal traffic. • Broadcast – • the process of sending a packet from one host to all hosts in the network. • Used for the location of special services/devices for which the address is not known or when a host needs to provide information to all the hosts on the network. • Multicast – • the process of sending a packet from one host to a selected group of hosts. • e.g. Video & audio distribution, Routing information exchange by routing protocols, Distribution of software, News feeds

  6. Private addressing • Must be unique in the LAN in which they are located • CANNOT be routed on the Internet. • Hostswith private address need access to the Internet, must: • use NAT to translate the address to a public address.

  7. Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses

  8. Limits of Classful routing • Abandoned in the 1990’s • Wasted address space • If a company needed 260 addresses, they would have to be assigned a class B address of 65,000 addresses.

  9. Special IP Addresses – can’t be assigned! • None of these addresses will be forwarded by a router • Mostof these addresses can’t be assigned to a device • (Link-local & Test-Net are the exceptions) • Network Address – FIRSTaddress of any network • Broadcast Address – LASTaddress of any network • Default Route – 0.0.0.0 – 0.255.255.255 – ‘catch-all’ route when a specific route is NOT available • Loopback Addresses – 127.0.0.1 – 127.255.255.255 – used to test the configuration of TCP/IP on the local host (your NIC) – bypasses some of the lower layers of TCP/IP stack • Link-Local Addresses - 169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255 These addresses can be automatically assigned to the local host by the OS in environments where no IP configuration is available. I.E. can’t get DHCP configurations. • Test-Net Addresses - 192.0.2.0 to 192.0.2.255 - is set aside for teaching and learning purposes

  10. Routers get Network Address by AND-ing HA & SM

  11. Observe the steps in the ANDing of an IPv4 host address and subnet mask..

  12. Calculating Addresses • Use the subnet mask to divide a network into smaller networks

  13. VLSM…not wasting IP addresses.. • Extract network addresses from host addresses using the subnet mask. MUST know how to do this! • Always start with the largest block and work down!

  14. VLSM– Know THIS! • Calculate the number of hosts in a network range given an address and subnet mask

  15. Which one of the following are valid HOST addresses? • 192.168.12.127/26 • 172.31.5.155/26 • 172.31.5.193/26 • 192.168.6.95/27 • 192.168.5.159/27 • 192.168.5.207/27 • Be able to do this on your test!

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