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Unveiling the Indus River Valley Civilization: An Insight into India's Ancient Heritage

Learn about the significance of ideological control and the development of the Indus River Valley Civilization, tracing the emergence and disappearance of the Harappan civilization, the Vedas of the Vedic period, the caste system, and the rise of key empires in the Indian subcontinent. Discover the complexities of urban society, standard weights and measures, the Gupta Empire's achievements, and the rich cultural contributions from ancient India.

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Unveiling the Indus River Valley Civilization: An Insight into India's Ancient Heritage

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  1. Importance of ideological control of a populace Development of Indus River Valley Civilization

  2. INDUS RIVER VALLEY

  3. IMPORTANT GEOGRAPHY • Protected by mtns to the north • Dependent on monsoons for their weather • (monsoon = seasonal wind) • Indus River was very unpredictable

  4. HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION(emerged around 2600 BC) EARLIEST EXAMPLE OF INDIAN CULTURE URBAN SOCIETY – VERY COMPLEX NO LARGE MONUMENTAL ARCHITECTURE (NO EVIDENCE OF PALACES OR TEMPLES) FIRST INDOOR SANITATION SYSTEMS STANDARD WEIGHTS AND MEASURES BY 1700 BC, THEY HAD DISAPPEARED

  5. HARAPPA

  6. MOHENJA - DARO

  7. SOAPSTONE TRADING SEALS

  8. OTHER INDIAN CULTURES • CEMETERY H CULTURE(cremation, breakdown of trade networks) • GANDHARA CULTURE(terracotta figurines, simple dot designs) • OCHRE COLOURED POTTERY CULTURE(may be the last remains of Harappan culture or entirely separate – who knows?)

  9. Cemetery h culture Ochre coloured pottery

  10. GANDHARA

  11. VEDIC PERIOD • EMERGED AROUND 1700 BC • ASSOCIATED WITH THE ARYAN INVASIONS OF INDIA • VEDAS WERE THEIR SACRED LITERATURE • ARYANS - tall, light skinned, different language, no writing, heroic gods, wealth = cows • DASAS – dark skinned, town dwellers, life-giving gods

  12. DEVELOPMENT OF THE CASTES Brahmins(priests) - MOUTH Kshatriyas (rulers and warriors) – ARMS Vaishyas (peasants and traders) – LEGS Shudras (laborers) – FEET “Untouchables” Made impure because of their work (grave diggers, butchers, trash collectors)

  13. BRAHMINS KSHATRIYAS VAISHYAS SHUDRAS UNTOUCHABLES (NOT PICTURED)

  14. Empires of the Indian Sub-continent

  15. Mauryan Empire (321 – 184 BC) • Chandragupta Maurya • Raised a large army due to heavy taxes • Defeated the Macedonians and united the Indian subcontinent by the age of 20 • Bureaucracy – modeled after the Persians • Asoka • Devout Buddhist – promoted religion & tolerance • Benevolent ruler • Extensive public works builder (roads, rest stops)

  16. Extent of Chandragupta’s Power

  17. Gupta Empire (AD 320 – 535) • Founded by Chandra Gupta I who was not related to Chandragupta Maurya • 1st three emperors of this empire saw great achievements in art, literature, and religion • The Guptas extended control to the western coast of India, thus enabling maritime trade with the Mediterranean

  18. Indian Culture • Writing academies • Traveling drama groups • Astronomy • Seven day week • Invented zero and calculated pi (π) • Middlemen along the Silk Road • Rise in banking

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