Evolution of Cognitive Radio Technology

1. Cognitive Radio https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

2. Cognitive radio • A 'cognitive radio' is an intelligent radio that can be programmed and configured dynamically https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

3. Cognitive radio - Description • The functions as an autonomous unit in the communications environment, exchanging information about the environment with the networks it accesses and other cognitive radios (CRs) https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

4. Cognitive radio - Description • Some smart radio proposals combine wireless mesh network -- dynamically changing the path messages take between two given nodes using cooperative diversity; cognitive radio -- dynamically changing the frequency band used by messages between two consecutive nodes on the path; and software-defined radio -- dynamically changing the protocol used by message between two consecutive nodes. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

5. Cognitive radio - History • The concept of cognition|cognitive radio was first proposed by Joseph Mitola III in a seminar at Royal Institute of Technology|KTH (the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm) in 1998 and published in an article by Mitola and Gerald Q. Maguire, Jr. in 1999. It was a novel approach in wireless communications, which Mitola later described as: https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

6. Cognitive radio - History • Cognitive radio is considered as a goal towards which a software-defined radio platform should evolve: a fully reconfigurable wireless transceiver which automatically adapts its communication parameters to network and user demands. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

7. Cognitive radio - History • Traditional regulatory structures have been built for an analog model and are not optimized for cognitive radio.[http://ssrn.com/abstract=732483 Patrick S https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

8. Cognitive radio - Terminology • * Full Cognitive Radio (Mitola radio), in which every possible parameter observable by a wireless node (or network) is considered.[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/srchabstract.jsp?arnumber=788210isnumber=17080punumber=98k2dockey=788210@ieeejrnsquery=%28%28mitola%29%3Cin%3Eau+%29pos=5access=no J. Mitola III and G. Q. Maguire, Jr., Cognitive radio: making software radios more personal, IEEE Personal Communications Magazine, vol. 6, nr. 4, pp. 13–18, Aug. 1999] https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

9. Cognitive radio - Terminology • * Spectrum-Sensing Cognitive Radio, in which only the radio-frequency spectrum is considered.[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/srchabstract.jsp?arnumber=1391031isnumber=30289punumber=49k2dockey=1391031@ieeejrnsquery=%28haykin+%3Cin%3E+metadata%29+%3Cand%3E+%2849+%3Cin%3E+punumber%29pos=0access=no S. Haykin, Cognitive Radio: Brain-empowered Wireless Communications, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas of Communications, vol. 23, nr. 2, pp. 201–220, Feb. 2005] https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

10. Cognitive radio - Terminology • Other types are dependent on parts of the spectrum available for cognitive radio: https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

11. Cognitive radio - Terminology • * Licensed-Band Cognitive Radio, capable of using bands assigned to licensed users (except for unlicensed bands, such as the U-NII band or the ISM band. The IEEE 802.22 working group is developing a standard for wireless regional area network (WRAN), which will operate on unused television channels.[http://ieee802.org/22/ IEEE 802.22] https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

12. Cognitive radio - Terminology • * Unlicensed-Band Cognitive Radio, which can only utilize unlicensed parts of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum. One such system is described in the IEEE 802.15 Task Group 2 specifications,[http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG2.html IEEE 802.15.2] which focus on the coexistence of IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

13. Cognitive radio - Terminology • * Spectrum sharing: Spectrum sharing cognitive radio networks allow cognitive radio users to share the spectrum bands of the licensed-band users. However, the cognitive radio users have to restrict their transmit power so that the interference caused to the licensed-band users is kept below a certain threshold. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

14. Cognitive radio - Terminology • If the licensed users are using the bands, cognitive radio users share the spectrum bands with the licensed users by restricting their transmit power. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

15. Cognitive radio - Technology • The chief problem in spectrum-sensing cognitive radio is designing high-quality spectrum-sensing devices and algorithms for exchanging spectrum-sensing data between nodes https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

16. Cognitive radio - Technology • The evolution of cognitive radio toward cognitive networks is underway; the concept of cognitive networks is to intelligently organize a network of cognitive radios. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

17. Cognitive radio - Functions • The main functions of cognitive radios are:Ian F. Akyildiz, W.-Y. Lee, M. C. Vuran, and S. Mohanty, NeXt Generation/Dynamic Spectrum Access/Cognitive Radio Wireless Networks: A Survey, Computer Networks (Elsevier) Journal, September 2006. [http://www.ece.gatech.edu/research/labs/bwn/surveys/radio.pdf][http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/scc41/files/Communications_Magazine_article_on_SCC41.pdf Cognitive Functionality in Next Generation Wireless Networks ] https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

18. Cognitive radio - Functions • ** Transmitter detection: Cognitive radios must have the capability to determine if a signal from a primary transmitter is locally present in a certain spectrum. There are several proposed approaches to transmitter detection: https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

19. Cognitive radio - Functions • Chen, “[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=truearnumber=6507397 Wideband spectrum sensing for cognitive radio networks: a survey],” IEEE Wireless Communications, vol https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

20. Cognitive radio - Functions • ** Cooperative detection: Refers to spectrum-sensing methods where information from multiple cognitive-radio users is incorporated for primary-user detectionZ. Li, F.R. Yu, and M. Huang, “[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=5229125 A Distributed Consensus-Based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radios],” IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 383-393, Jan. 2010. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

21. Cognitive radio - Functions • al ``[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=arnumber=4786456url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D4786456 Optimal power allocation for fading channels in cognitive radio networks: Ergodic capacity and outage capacity], IEEE Trans https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

22. Cognitive radio - Functions • * Spectrum management: Capturing the best available spectrum to meet user communication requirements, while not creating undue interference to other (primary) users. Cognitive radios should decide on the best spectrum band (of all bands available) to meet quality of service requirements; therefore, spectrum-management functions are required for cognitive radios. Spectrum-management functions are classified as: https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

23. Cognitive radio - Cognitive radio (CR) versus intelligent antenna (IA) • An intelligent antenna (or smart antenna) is an antenna technology that uses spatial beam-formation and spatial coding to cancel interference; however, it requires an intelligent multiple- or cooperative-antenna array. On the other hand, cognitive radio allows user terminals to sense whether a portion of the spectrum is being used to share spectrum with neighbor users. The following table compares the two: https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

24. Cognitive radio - Simulation of CR Networks • At present, modeling and simulation is the only paradigm which allows the simulation of complex behavior in the environments cognitive radio networks. Network simulators like OPNET, NetSim and NS2 can be used to simulate a Cognitive radio network. Areas of research using Network simulators include a) Spectrum Sensing incumbent detection b) Spectrum Allocation an c) Measurement and modeling of Spectrum usage. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

25. Cognitive radio - Future plans • IEEE 802.22: An Introduction to the First Wireless Standard based on Cognitive Radios JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATIONS, VOL https://store.theartofservice.com/the-cognitive-radio-toolkit.html

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