The Moon

1. The Moon

2. The Moon and You • Meet your moon. • What do we see? • What it does it do to Earth? • What if you traveled to the moon? • Where did it come from?

3. Meet Your Moon “Her” name is Luna. • Distance to Earth: 238,900 miles (384,400 km) • Gravity: 1.622 m/s² (Earth’s is 9.8 m/s²) • Orbital period: 27 days (Earth’s is 365 days) • Age: 4.527 billion years

4. Check what you know:Does the Moon orbit the Earth? The Earth takes a year to orbit around the Sun. What about the Moon? Does it orbit the Earth? Circle the answer you think best describes the motion of the Moon. • The Moon orbits the Earth about once a day. • The Moon orbits the Earth about once a week. • The Moon orbits the Earth about once a month. • The Moon orbits the Earth about once a year. • The Moon does not orbit the Earth. Uncovering Student Ideas in Astronomy pg 99

5. How big is the Moon? • Wall-e Learns about Proportions

6. Check what you know:Seeing the Moon How often have you looked up into the sky and seen the Moon? Put an X next to all the times when you think you can go outside and see the Moon. ____ in the morning ____ at noon ____ in the middle of the afternoon ____ in the evening before sunset ____ in the evening after sunset ____ at midnight Uncovering Student Ideas in Astronomy pg 91

7. What do we see? • The Phases of the Moon • New moon (no light) • Crescent (1-49%) • Quarter (50%) • Gibbous (51-99%) • Full moon (100%)

8. Why all the crazy words for the moon phases? Most of these words are based in Latin or Greek (those dudes way back when that started doing science and observing space!) CRESCENT- like the shape, that one is easy. GIBBOUS- think bulging for those two “b”s in the middle of the word. This shape is bigger than half, but less than full. WAXING- Think “Wax On” from Karate Kid. It means getting bigger. WANING- It means getting smaller. Since we say “Way-ning”…. I think of it as “going AWAY”.

9. Check what you know: Crescent Moon When there is a crescent Moon in the night sky, how much of the entire Moon’s spherical surface is actually lit by the Sun? Circle the answer that best matches your thinking. • Quarter or less of the entire Moon • Half of the entire Moon • Three quarters of the entire Moon • The entire Moon Uncovering Student Ideas in Astronomy pg 127

10. Why do we see “phases” of the moon? • NASA animation- Moon Phases in 2013 • View from Above • Lunar Phase Simulator

11. Check what you know: Moon Phase and Solar Eclipse During a solar eclipse the Moon appears to completely cover the Sun. What phase is the Moon in just before and after a solar eclipse? Circle the answer that best matches your thinking. • Full Moon • New Moon • First quarter Moon • Last quarter Moon • It can be any phase. Now, draw a diagram of where the Earth, Moon and Sun will be during a SOLAR eclipse. Uncovering Student Ideas in Astronomy pg 109

12. What if the Moon was replaced with other planets? What if the Moon was the same distance as the ISS?

13. End Section One

14. The Moon Part TWO! Amazing video: Planets viewed from Earth as if they were at the distance of our moon

15. What does the Moon do to Earth?

16. Check What You Know:Tides Sally and Ben had only recently moved to the little community of Windy Bay. They were eager to explore the nearby sandy beach, and especially adventure to the small rocky island a short distance offshore. They could scarcely wait until Saturday morning when they could explore the tide pools and rocky crevices of the island to look for neat critters. They arose early and walked to the sand bar that jutted onto the rocky island. At first they walked along the lower beach looking into glassy blue tidepools, then searched the high tide line for beach pebbles, empty snail shells, and glass balls. After about three hours, Ben and Sally decided to return home. Much to their surprise the connecting sand bar to the mainland was now covered with seawater to a depth well up to their waist. They were stuck. They were afraid to swim the distance because of the surprisingly strong current, and it was too far for their yells to be heard. Will Sally and Ben have to spend the rest of the day and the night on the island?How long will they have to stay? Why? https://sites.google.com/site/k12oceanliteracy/curricular-materials/5th-grade/tides-formative-assessment

17. What does the Moon do to Earth? • Gives us light at night (depending on the phase.) Which phase gives us the most light? • Controls TIDES. • Tides are different than WAVES. Tides are periodic. They repeat and move the water at coastlines in and out every few hours. • Waves are caused by wind (and occasionally, earthquakes, boats, etc.) • Tides are caused by the pull (Gravity) of the Moon and Sun on Earth’s fluids (water and atmosphere) Full Moon

18. At certain times during the moon's revolution around the Earth, the direction of its gravitational attraction is aligned with the Sun's. During these times the two tide producing bodies act together to create the highest and lowest tides of the year. These springtides occur every 14-15 days during full and new moons. When the gravitational pull of the moon and Sun are at right angles to each other, the daily tidal variations on the Earth are at their least These events are called neap tides and they occur during the first and last quarter of the moon.

19. Tide data- examples Semi: half, or part Diurnal: daytime Analyze moon-phase, eclipse, and tidal data to construct models that explain how the relative positions and motions of the Sun, Earth, and Moon cause these three phenomena. (NJCCCS 5.4.8.A.1) 24 hrs: end day 1 48 hrs: end day 2 72 hrs: end day 3 96 hrs: end day 4 120 hrs: end day 5

20. Use the Tide Data graph on your notes sheet to answer these questions: 1. How many high tides are completed in the first day? _____________________________________ 2. What is the approximate height of high tide? _________ of low tide? ___________ 3. What pattern do you see in the tides over the 6 days of this graph? __________________________________________________________________________________ 2 1 m 7 m 2 high tides, 2 low tides each day; every 6 hours, tides change (12 hours between high tide, 12 hours between low tide)

21. What if you traveled to the moon? • Gravity • What it looks like up there

22. Your Weight on the Moon Calculate your weight in Space

23. Earthrise and Earthset Earthrise... then and now.

25. Check What You Know:Phases of Earth Name the phase of the Earth in this picture. waning gibbous

26. Where did the Moon come from? New Theories Show Moon was Formed by Massive Impact Billions of years ago, there were about 20 planets in our solar system. A Mars-sized planet named Thea crashed into Earth. The debris from the crash was flung out into space and formed a ring around Earth, held by Earth’s gravity. The debris eventually collected into one ball as it orbited Earth, and we now call it the Moon.

27. Friday, May 23rd • Record today’s weather data in your Do-Now notebook. • Write down weekend HW/long term assignments: • study guide (BOTH PARTS) due Tuesday • “A Very Different Earth” GA due Wednesday (end of period) ***Make sure your picture is in color!!! • Report to computer lab 104 on Wednesday

28. LUNAR Eclipse- Blood Moon! SOLAR Eclipse- Ring of fire, April 2014 How A Solar Eclipse Affects our Daylight

29. Why don’t we have eclipses twice a month then? The plane of the Moon’s orbit is slightly different than the plane of Earth’s orbit around the Sun. SO THEY DON’T USUALLY LINE UP.

30. After the Quiz… • Please make sure your name is on your quiz and put it in the basket on the front demo desk. • Pick up “A Very Different Earth” GA AND a Unit 8 study guide. • “A Very Different Earth” GA is due at the end of the period Wednesday and the picture needs to be in COLOR! • BOTH parts of the Unit 8 study guide are due Tuesday (does NOT need to be in complete sentences, but make sure it is on a separate sheet of paper.