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DOMAIN ONTOLOGIES: A DATABASE-ORIENTED ANALYSIS

DOMAIN ONTOLOGIES: A DATABASE-ORIENTED ANALYSIS. Introduction. Motivation Database analysis Ontologies addressed Philosophical notion ‘a systematic account of existence’ Upper ontologies provide definition for general-purpose concepts Domain ontologies

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DOMAIN ONTOLOGIES: A DATABASE-ORIENTED ANALYSIS

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  1. DOMAIN ONTOLOGIES:A DATABASE-ORIENTED ANALYSIS

  2. Introduction DOMAIN ONTOLOGIES: A DATABASE-ORIENTED ANALYSISStéphane Jean –Session 5 Web Interfaces and Applications WEBIST’06, Setubal April 12, 2006 • Motivation • Database analysis • Ontologies addressed • Philosophical notion • ‘a systematic account of existence’ • Upper ontologies • provide definition for general-purpose concepts • Domain ontologies • tied to a specific universe of discourse

  3. Outline • Notion of ontology • Ontology usage • Taxonomy • Applications DOMAIN ONTOLOGIES: A DATABASE-ORIENTED ANALYSISStéphane Jean –Session 5 Web Interfaces and Applications WEBIST’06, Setubal April 12, 2006 • Introduction • Analysis of the notion of domain ontology • Usage of domain ontologies • Taxonomy of domain ontologies • Applications • Conclusion

  4. Current definitions • Notion of ontology • Ontology usage • Taxonomy • Applications DOMAIN ONTOLOGIES: A DATABASE-ORIENTED ANALYSISStéphane Jean –Session 5 Web Interfaces and Applications WEBIST’06, Setubal April 12, 2006 • T. Gruber definition • Free On-Line Dictionary Of Computing ‘an explicit specification of a conceptualization’ [Gruber 93] ‘an explicit formal specification of how to represent the objects, concepts and other entities that are assumed to exist in some area of interest and the relationships that hold among them’ [FOLDOC 06] ? ? Lives at

  5. 3 criteria of domain ontologies • Notion of ontology • Ontology usage • Taxonomy • Applications DOMAIN ONTOLOGIES: A DATABASE-ORIENTED ANALYSISStéphane Jean –Session 5 Web Interfaces and Applications WEBIST’06, Setubal April 12, 2006 • Formal • Reasoning • Consistency • Consensual • Cover a wide range of applications • Gene / product ontologies • Capability to be referenced (concepts dictionary) • Identifier for each concept • Independent of any environment

  6. Proposition of a new definition of domain ontologies • Notion of ontology • Ontology usage • Taxonomy • Applications DOMAIN ONTOLOGIES: A DATABASE-ORIENTED ANALYSISStéphane Jean –Session 5 Web Interfaces and Applications WEBIST’06, Setubal April 12, 2006 • Entity • Anything that exist in the domain: a formal model of domain semantics • Dictionary Symbol1 -> Formal definition Symbol2 -> Formal definition Symbol3 -> Formal definition Symbol4 -> Formal definition Symbol5 -> Formal definition ‘a formal and consensualdictionary of categories and properties of entities of a domain and the relationships that hold among them’

  7. Domain ontologies vs other modelling artefact • Notion of ontology • Ontology usage • Taxonomy • Applications DOMAIN ONTOLOGIES: A DATABASE-ORIENTED ANALYSISStéphane Jean –Session 5 Web Interfaces and Applications WEBIST’06, Setubal April 12, 2006 • Conceptual / Knowledge representation model • formal – consensual – capability to be referenced • Exchange format • formal – consensual – capability to be referenced

  8. Usage of ontologies • Notion of ontology • Ontology usage • Taxonomy • Applications DOMAIN ONTOLOGIES: A DATABASE-ORIENTED ANALYSISStéphane Jean –Session 5 Web Interfaces and Applications WEBIST’06, Setubal April 12, 2006 • Specification • Software - Database design • Data exchange • Global vs local structure • Data integration • Database – Semantic Web – Natural language approaches • Data access and search • Browsing - querying

  9. Fundamentals of ontologies • Notion of ontology • Ontology usage • Taxonomy • Applications DOMAIN ONTOLOGIES: A DATABASE-ORIENTED ANALYSISStéphane Jean –Session 5 Web Interfaces and Applications WEBIST’06, Setubal April 12, 2006 • Primitive concepts • May include necessary condition • Result from some levels of choice • Defined concepts • Include necessary and sufficient conditions ‘for which we are not able to give a complete axiomatic definition’ [Gruber 93] ‘for which the ontology provides a complete axiomatic definition by means of necessary and sufficient conditions expressed in terms of other concepts’

  10. Canonical Conceptual Ontology (CCO) • Notion of ontology • Ontology usage • Taxonomy • Applications DOMAIN ONTOLOGIES: A DATABASE-ORIENTED ANALYSISStéphane Jean –Session 5 Web Interfaces and Applications WEBIST’06, Setubal April 12, 2006 • Definition of a canonical vocabulary CCO Lives at • Reference for Semantic Integration • Access at the knowledge level • Canonical vocabulary for exchange

  11. NCCO .... DL Derivation functions F-Logic Non Canonical Conceptual Ontology (NCCO) • Notion of ontology • Ontology usage • Taxonomy • Applications DOMAIN ONTOLOGIES: A DATABASE-ORIENTED ANALYSISStéphane Jean –Session 5 Web Interfaces and Applications WEBIST’06, Setubal April 12, 2006 • Definition of a equivalence CCO Lives at • Extends inference capability • Improve flexibility and expressivity for semantic integration

  12. LO NCCO CCO .... DL Derivation functions F-Logic Linguistic Ontology (LO) • Notion of ontology • Ontology usage • Taxonomy • Applications DOMAIN ONTOLOGIES: A DATABASE-ORIENTED ANALYSISStéphane Jean –Session 5 Web Interfaces and Applications WEBIST’06, Setubal April 12, 2006 • Support of human languages Lives at • Natural language support • Linguistic inference Addresses of persons living in France Adresses de personnes vivant en France

  13. The onion model • Notion of ontology • Ontology usage • Taxonomy • Applications DOMAIN ONTOLOGIES: A DATABASE-ORIENTED ANALYSISStéphane Jean –Session 5 Web Interfaces and Applications WEBIST’06, Setubal April 12, 2006 • Domain specific view of domain ontologies • CCO – data processing community • NCCO – artificial intelligence community • LO – computational linguistic community • Complementarities between them • CCO – canonical semantics of a domain • NCCO – extensive semantics of a domain • LO – natural language support • Thus, the onion model LO NCCO CCO

  14. Application 1: design of a domain ontology • Notion of ontology • Ontology usage • Taxonomy • Applications DOMAIN ONTOLOGIES: A DATABASE-ORIENTED ANALYSISStéphane Jean –Session 5 Web Interfaces and Applications WEBIST’06, Setubal April 12, 2006 • Agreement on a CCO • What is the domain covered? • Choice of the primitive concepts • Define them precisely (context, unit …) • Each member may extend it to a NCCO • Define its own view of the domain • Defined LO on top of this NCCO • Provide (multilingual) natural language support Example : ISO 13584-compliant (PLIB) product ontologies (www.plib.ensma.fr)

  15. NCCO CCO Applications 2: Exchange of data • Notion of ontology • Ontology usage • Taxonomy • Applications DOMAIN ONTOLOGIES: A DATABASE-ORIENTED ANALYSISStéphane Jean –Session 5 Web Interfaces and Applications WEBIST’06, Setubal April 12, 2006 • Exchange data on a CCO • Represent other points of views with NCCO operators • Use a LO to provide natural language support CCO CCO NCCO 1 CCO NCCO 2 LO +++

  16. Conclusion and future work DOMAIN ONTOLOGIES: A DATABASE-ORIENTED ANALYSISStéphane Jean –Session 5 Web Interfaces and Applications WEBIST’06, Setubal April 12, 2006 • A domain ontology • Formal – consensual – capability to be referenced • Currently • Three category of domain ontology (CCO-NCCO-LO) • Proposition • Layered ontology • Future work • Exchange format and tools for layered ontology ‘a formal and consensual dictionary of categories and properties of entities of a domain and the relationships that hold among them’

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