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Outline 1/17/07

Outline 1/17/07. Announcements Pick up CAPA sets #3 - outside Summer Research Mtg @ 6:30pm. Today: Chapter 13: Organic nomenclature Functional Groups Polymer reactions…. Questions:. DISCUS posts = 82% CAPA set #1 = 100%. Good job.

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Outline 1/17/07

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  1. Outline 1/17/07 • Announcements • Pick up CAPA sets #3 - outside • Summer Research Mtg @ 6:30pm • Today: Chapter 13: Organic nomenclature Functional Groups Polymer reactions…

  2. Questions: DISCUS posts = 82% CAPA set #1 = 100% Good job. Why is FPD constant in lab = 8.0 °C/m?

  3. Quiz #1 • Please put your books & notes away • If you don’t have a calculator, set the problem up correctly for full credit… • Periodic table on the back Turn it over when you are done.

  4. Quiz #1 • Please turn the quiz over and pass it to your right.

  5. Quiz #1 • What did we learn from that? “like dissolves like…” BPE: DT = Kbmi First semester material is assumed…nomenclature, mole calculations, etc…

  6. Functional Groups • Carbon combines with other atoms (mainly H, N, O, S and halogens) to form “functional groups” • Sites of typical reactions • Used to classify organic compounds • Serve as a basis for naming compounds

  7. Functional Groups • Alcohols are organic compounds whose functional group is the hydroxyl group(or..-OH) typically bonded to a tetrahedral carbon (i.e., four single bonds).

  8. Ethyl Alcohol H H C C O H H H H

  9. Ethyl Alcohol H H C C O H H H H The hydroxyl functional group

  10. Ethyl Alcohol H H C C O H H H H Note that it’s attached to a tetrahedral carbon

  11. Ethyl Alcohol H H s s s C C O H H s H H Four single s-bonds

  12. Ethyl Alcohol Structural formula H H C C O H H H H The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is

  13. Ethyl Alcohol Structural formula H H C C O H H H H The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol isCH3CH2OH

  14. Ethyl Alcohol Structural formula H H C C O H H H H The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is CH3CH2OH

  15. Ethyl Alcohol Structural formula H H C C O H H H H The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is CH3CH2OH

  16. Ethyl Alcohol Structural formula H H C C O H H H H The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is CH3CH2OH

  17. Ethyl Alcohol Structural formula H H C C O H H H H The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is CH3CH2OH The molecular formula isC2H6O

  18. Classification of Alcohols • Classified depending on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the -C-OH H H CH3 - C - OH CH3 - C - OH H CH3 CH3 CH3 - C - OH CH3

  19. Classification of Alcohols • Classified depending on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the -C-OH H H CH3 - C - OH CH3 - C - OH H CH3 CH3 Primary (1o) CH3 - C - OH CH3

  20. Classification of Alcohols • Classified depending on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the -C-OH H H CH3 - C - OH CH3 - C - OH H CH3 CH3 Primary (1o) Secondary (2o) CH3 - C - OH CH3

  21. Classification of Alcohols • Classified depending on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the -C-OH H H CH3 - C - OH CH3 - C - OH H CH3 CH3 Primary (1o) Secondary (2o) CH3 - C - OH CH3 Tertiary (3o)

  22. Amines • The functional group of an amine is an amino group - a nitrogen atom bonded to one, two or three carbon atoms • Really just ammonia, NH3, with one, two or three hydrogens replaced by a bond to a carbon atom

  23. Amines H H H - N-H CH3 H - N - H : : methylamine (a 1o amine) ammonia H CH3 CH3 H-N-H CH3 CH3 H-N-H CH3 : : dimethylamine (a 2o amine) trimethylamine (a 3o amine)

  24. Aldehydes and Ketones • Aldehydes and ketones contain a carbonyl group, C=O • In an aldehyde, the carbonyl group is terminal -bonded to a hydrogen, a -CHO group • In a ketone, the carbonyl group is internal - bonded between two carbon atoms

  25. Aldehydes and Ketones terminal carbonyl bonded to an H atom H H O H O H H - C - C - C - H H - C - C - C - H H H H H propanaldehyde acetone

  26. Aldehydes and Ketones Internal carbonyl bonded to two C atoms H H O H O H H - C - C - C- H H - C -C- C - H H H H H propanaldehyde (an aldehyde) acetone (a ketone)

  27. Aldehydes and Ketones Condensed structural formula for propanaldehyde would be written as CH3CH2CHO or CH3CH2CH=O H H O H O H H - C - C - C- H H - C -C- C - H H H H H propanaldehyde (an aldehyde) acetone (a ketone) Condensed structural formula for acetone would be written as CH3COCH3

  28. carbonyl + hydroxyl = carboxyl O O = = - C - -OH - C -OH Carboxylic Acids • Organic acids contain a carboxyl group …. -COOH • It’s a combination of a carbonyl (C=O) and a hydroxyl (-OH) group

  29. Carboxylic Acids • The carboxyl group always terminates a chain of carbon atoms O = CH3 - CH2 - C - OH propanoic acid

  30. Carboxylic Acids • The carboxyl group always terminates a chain of carbon atoms O = CH3 - CH2 - C - OH propanoic acid Simplest condensed structural formula would be written as CH3CH2COOH or CH3CH2CO2H

  31. Carboxylic Acids • The carboxyl group always terminates a chain of carbon atoms O = CH3 - CH2 - C - OH propanoic acid Today’s factoid: Propanoic acid gives sharp cheddar cheese its bite!

  32. Macromolecules • Macromolecule: a molecule consisting of a large number (several hundred) of atoms • Poly mer: A class of macromolecules. • Monomer: small molecules linked together to form polymers. many

  33. Chemical Polymerization Reactions There are four types of chemical polymerization reactions: • Free Radical Polymerizations. • Condensation Polymerizations. • Cationic Polymerizations. • Anionic Polymerizations. Only type 1 and 2 polymerizations in Chapter 13…

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