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CONTENTS PART 1. Grammar, Usage, and Style SECTION 1. Punctuation: Major Marks

CONTENTS PART 1. Grammar, Usage, and Style SECTION 1. Punctuation: Major Marks SECTION 2. Punctuation: Other Marks SECTION 3. Capitalization SECTION 4. Numbers SECTION 5. Abbreviations SECTION 6. Plurals and Possessives SECTION 7. Spelling SECTION 8. Compound Words

luboslaw-kozlowski
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CONTENTS PART 1. Grammar, Usage, and Style SECTION 1. Punctuation: Major Marks

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  1. CONTENTS PART 1. Grammar, Usage, and Style SECTION 1.Punctuation: Major Marks SECTION 2.Punctuation: Other Marks SECTION 3.Capitalization SECTION 4.Numbers SECTION 5.Abbreviations SECTION 6.Plurals and Possessives SECTION 7.Spelling SECTION 8.Compound Words SECTION 9.Word Division SECTION 10.Grammar SECTION 11.Usage Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation.

  2. COMPOUND NOUNS ¶801a. Some compound nouns are written solid, some are spaced, and some are hyphenated. checklist check mark check-in goodwill good sense good-bye trademark trade name trade-in Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-1

  3. COMPOUND NOUNS AND VERBS ¶802. Distinguish between compound nouns that are solid or hyphenated and verb phrases (which are always spaced). COMPOUND NOUN VERB PHRASE a follow-up on my memo follow up on my memo a breakdown in the talks when talks break down Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-2

  4. COMPOUND NOUNS AND VERBS ¶802. Distinguish between compound nouns that are solid or hyphenated and verb phrases (which are always spaced). COMPOUND NOUN VERB PHRASE plan a get-together plan to get together to reduce staff turnover to turn over the deed Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-3

  5. COMPOUND VERBS ¶811. Compound verbs are usually hyphenated or solid. To be sure of the spelling of compound verbs, check your manual or a dictionary. to air-condition to download to double-click to highlight to spot-check to proofread Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-4

  6. GENDER-FREE NOUNS ¶809a. When referring generally to men and women, avoid compound nouns ending in man or men. IN PLACE OF: USE: laymen laypersons businessmen business owners business executives business managers business people Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-5

  7. GENDER-FREE NOUNS ¶809a. When referring generally to men and women, avoid compound nouns ending in man or men. IN PLACE OF: USE: mankind people, humanity, human beings salesman salespeople, salespersons, sales representatives foremen supervisors Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-6

  8. GENDER-FREE NOUNS ¶840. Avoid feminine suffixes like ess,ette, and trix. author (NOT: authoress) flight attendant (NOT: stewardess) Executor (NOT: executrix) Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-7

  9. COMPOUND ADJECTIVES ¶813. A compound adjective consists of two or more words that function as a unit and express a single thought. They are derived from adjective phrases or clauses. ADJECTIVE PHRASE COMPOUND OR CLAUSE ADJECTIVE loans made for a long termlong-term loans an actor who is well known a well-known actor a sale exempt from taxes a tax-exempt sale Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-8

  10. COMPOUND ADJECTIVES ¶813. A compound adjective consists of two or more words that function as a unit and express a single thought. They are derived from adjective phrases and clauses. ADJECTIVE PHRASE COMPOUND OR CLAUSE ADJECTIVE a vacation for two weeks a two-week vacation a woman who speaks softly a soft-spoken woman Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-9

  11. COMPOUND ADJECTIVES ¶813. A compound adjective consists of two or more words that function as a unit and express a single thought. They are derived from adjective phrases or clauses. ADJECTIVE PHRASE COMPOUND OR CLAUSE ADJECTIVE A building ten stories high a ten-story building Printers running at high speedhigh-speed printers A street that goes only one way a one-way street Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-10

  12. COMPOUND ADJECTIVES ¶814. Hyphenate a compound adjective when it comes before a noun. long-range plans an eye-catching display a 40-hour week an old-fashioned gown Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-11

  13. COMPOUND ADJECTIVES ¶815a. When the elements that make up a compound adjective come elsewhere in a sentence, do not hyphenate them if they occur in a normal form and in a normal word order. an all-day seminar a seminar that lasts all day a part-time job I work part of the time. BUT: I work part-time. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-12

  14. COMPOUND ADJECTIVES ¶815b. When the elements that make up a compound adjective come elsewhere in a sentence, retain the hyphen if these elements are in an inverted word order or an altered form. high-priced These items are high-priced. items BUT: They carry a high price. state-owned These lands are state-owned. lands BUT: They are owned by the state. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-13

  15. COMPOUND ADJECTIVES ¶816. Adjective + Noun. Hyphenate before but not after. a high-speed printer It runs at high speed. red-carpet treatment Roll out the red carpet. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-14

  16. COMPOUND ADJECTIVES ¶817. Compound With Number or Letter. Hyphenate before but not after. a three-hour job a job that took three hours a 20-year mortgage a mortgage running for 20 years Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-15

  17. COMPOUND ADJECTIVES ¶818. Compound Nouns as Adjectives. Do not hyphenate before or after. a life insurance policy word processing software a real estate agent income tax payments Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-16

  18. COMPOUND ADJECTIVES ¶819. Proper Names as Adjectives. Do not hyphenate before or after. a Park Avenue address a Supreme Court decision a Home Depot catalog Mickey Mouse procedures Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-17

  19. COMPOUND ADJECTIVES ¶820. Noun + Adjective. Hyphenate before and after. (Some words follow- ing this pattern are written solid.) a toll-free call You can call toll-free. a cost-effective plan must be cost-effective BUT: worldwide, storewide waterproof, fireproof Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-18

  20. COMPOUND ADJECTIVES ¶821. Noun + Participle. Hyphenate before and after. market-tested products This has been market-tested. mind-boggling details The report was mind-boggling. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-19

  21. COMPOUND ADJECTIVES ¶822. Adjective + Participle. Hyphenate before and after. half-baked ideas All his ideas are half-baked. a friendly-looking dog That dog is friendly-looking. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-20

  22. COMPOUND ADJECTIVES ¶823. Adjective + Noun + ed. Hyphenate before and after. a quick-witted driver She was quick-witted. deep-seated problems These problems are deep-seated. Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-21

  23. COMPOUND ADJECTIVES ¶826. Participle + Adverb. Hyphenate before but not after. filled-in forms forms to be filled in a cooling-off period a time for cooling off Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-22

  24. COMPOUND ADJECTIVES ¶831. Phrasal Compounds. Hyphenate before but not after. up-to-date figures figures that are up to date down-to-earth ideas needs to come down to earth on-the-job training was trained on the job Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-23

  25. COMPOUND ADJECTIVES ¶831. Phrasal Compounds. Hyphenate before but not after. off-the-shelf software bought it off the shelf before-tax earnings earnings before taxes after-dinner speeches speeches after dinner Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-24

  26. PREFIXES ¶833. As a rule, do not use a hyphen to set off a prefix from the root word. aftereffects misspell prerequisite antitrust multipurpose retroactive hypersensitive nonessential semiannual Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-25

  27. SUFFIXES ¶833. As a rule, do not use a hyphen to set off a suffix from the root word. freedom trustful happiness fivefold likelihood hardship Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-26

  28. PREFIXES ¶835a. In most words beginning with re, pre, or de, the hyphen is omitted. reeducate preeminent defraud reelect preempt deregulate reemphasize preexisting BUT: de-emphasize Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-27

  29. PREFIXES ¶835b. In most words beginning with co, the hyphen is omitted. coauthor copartner BUT: co-op cooperate cosigner co-opt coordinate coworker co-owner Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-28

  30. PREFIXES ¶836. Use a hyphen when self is a prefix but not when self is the root word. self-addressed self-paced BUT: selfish self-confident self-study selfless self-evident self-supporting selfsame Click the mouse button or press the space bar to advance the presentation. Slide 8-29

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