THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

1. THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY • Panelists • Charles Vest - President Of The National Academy Of Engineering • Esko Aho – Executive VP, Nokia • Bernard Amehdei – Professor Of Civil Engineering, University Of Colorado, Founder Of Engineers Without Borders • John Seely Brown – Advisor To The Provost Of The University Of Southern California • Ruth David – President Of Analytic Services • Eric C. Haseltine – Former Associate Director Of National Intelligence • Nicholas Negroponte – Chairman Of The One Laptop Per Child Association • Raymond Stata – Chairman Of The Board Of Analogy Devices Global Technology Changes and ImplicationsForum held at the National Academy Annual Meeting October 2010, Washington DC

2. THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY Global Expansion Of The Research Workforce • According to the 2010 science and technology indicators, the research workforce in the US and Europe grew by about 35% • In China the research workforce doubled. • What contributed to the rapid expansion ? • Greater access to information through digital technology • Greater access to people helped forge networking collaboration • Super computer is now on A desktop • The United States still holds the lead in research productivity but some trend lines are raising concerns

3. THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY • In 2008, more than half of the new US patents were awarded to companies outside the United States • Recent NRC survey of six nations (Brazil, China, India, Japan, Russia, and Singapore) showed that they are pursuing a 2 pronged approach on S+T: • Focusing on their particular needs • Looking at the global needs • Chinese academy of sciences just released a roadmap for the next fifty years • Wisdom, expertise and talent are everywhere. They cannot be confined to national borders. Foreign students come to the US and return home. US companies have manufacturing and research facilities abroad. The world has flattened.

4. THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY Global Youth Movement In Technology • Today Young People Increasingly Forge Their Identities From What They Create And What Hey Shape. • There Are Do It Yourself And Do It Together Movements Sweeping Across The World. There Are Four Aspects Of The Global Youth Movement Worth Noting:

5. THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY Open Source Movement : Half The Websites In The World Are Running Open Source Programs Like Linux And Apache. On One Site, In One Day 2.8 Million Downloads Of The Code Occurred With 4200 Contributions Of Code, 1200 Forum Entries – This Is A Worldwide Movement. Young People Write Codes Today For Others To Read And Improve We Have A New Union Of Amateurs And Professionals. They Are Increasingly Fascinated By Technology. Faulkes Telescope in Hawai Can Be Accessed By Kids Through The Internet All Over The World. Kids Are Creating Ideas And Learning From Each Other At Blinding Speeds.

6. THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY • The one Laptop per Child Revolution • Of 1.2 Billion Children in the world, half live in poverty and 100 million do not go tot school at all. • Nick Negroponte founded the One laptop per child association at the media lab at MIT. • In addition to creating schools and training teachers, the one laptop per child offer a complimentary approach. • Laptops are designed to be owned and used by children.

7. THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY • Geared for kids between the ages of 6 to 12. • Every child and teacher in a region is given a laptop. • All wireless – Open Source Software • Uruguay is the first country. Every Child between the ages of 5 and 15 has a laptop with an email address. • Kids are proud. They are teaching their parents. • With laptop, the children take responsibility about their own learning. • You can connect in Cambodia’s remote villages and all over the world.

8. THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY • The Coming Era of System Thinking • US semi conductor industry has captured more than half the $250 billion worldwide market and exports more than 80 percent of what it produced. • Success is due to great integration between industry and Universities. • Concern is that for decades, we in the US have not generated enough American born Engineers to meat the requirements. • Between 50 and 70 percent of foreign students remain in the US.Now a number of them are migrating back home as more opportunities come up. • Our plan should be to move the goal posts and continue to make American Universities and industry more productive and the destination for the best and the brightest technical people around the world. Danielle Vardaro 2011 Young Engineer of the Year

9. THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY • Erasing the Boundaries of Space and Time • Geography is dead. Technology used to happen only in the US or in Europe. Now it can happen anywhere in the world. We no longer have the right of primacy in new technology. • New camera phones used to be released every 2 years. Now they come out every six months. Google can release a new software every week. • We can whine about Americans losing the leadership in engineering or we can regain the leadership by looking at this wave of change that is coming and take it on as something we can surf to even more greatness.

10. THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY • Becoming a Global Leader • Esko Aho was born in 1957 when Finland was a small poor, economically insulated largely agrarian country. Half a century later, Finland is one of the most globally connected economies and societies. It has a leadership position in mobile technologies, forestry, metal industry, etc. • How did it happen? The answer is simple: EDUCATION!!! The Finland people decided that one of the most important positions is to be a teacher. The most talented and accomplished graduates wanted to be teachers. • He doubled the R+D investment to 2% of GDP. Even in difficult times the plan remained the same. • Finally Aho asked young people to study science and mathematics. He proposed that good business can be good for the world. It worked for Finland.

11. THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY • Changing the Nature of Engineering • Engineering is not anymore about developing technologies but about changing human behavior. • A number of universities are still reluctant to consider collaboration as a measure of academic achievement. • Not easy. One needs multidisciplinary projects. These will make our strength and will help productivity and our efficiency. • Engineering education has a tendency to be very narrow and needs to be widened. Attempts are being made at major universities.

12. THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY Skills needed for the 21st Century • Strong analytical skills. • Practical ingenuity, creativity; innovator. • Good communication skills. • Business, management skills. • High ethical standards, professionalism. • Dynamic/agile/resilient/flexible. • Lifelong learner. • Able to put problems in their socio-technical and operational context. • Adaptive leader.

13. THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY • The Global Engineer • There is a role for engineers with an overreaching focus on transitional problems. • Can we do it? The answer is yes. • Digital communication is a tremendous help. • It is an exciting time. The engineer who graduates from Ohio State or MIT will not be isolated sitting in front of a computer days on end. He or she will be able to interact with their counterpart in Bangalore, Toulouse, or Seattle. They will be developing products at a lightning speed. The motivation is there. The sky is really the limit. There are exciting times for all engineers and with the drive provided by our culture in the US the opportunities should be have • no boundaries. • Thank you.