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Ipv4 subnetting

Ipv4 subnetting. Chapter 9a Intro to Routing & Switching. objectives. Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Explain why routing is necessary for hosts on different networks to communicate.

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Ipv4 subnetting

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  1. Ipv4 subnetting Chapter 9a Intro to Routing & Switching

  2. objectives • Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: • Explain why routing is necessary for hosts on different networks to communicate. • Describe IP as a communication protocol used to identify a single device on a network. • Given a network and a subnet mask, calculate the number of host addresses available. • Calculate the necessary subnet mask in order to accommodate the requirements of a network. • Describe the benefits of variable length subnet masking (VLSM)

  3. 9.1 Ipv4 addressing review

  4. Addressing Review- 5q • How many bits in an IPv4 address? • 32 • How many octets in an IPv4 address? • 4 • What’s the range of numbers in each octet? • 0-255 • What are the bit values? • 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1 • Convert 192.168.1.106 • 11000000.10101000.00000001.01101010

  5. Conversion Practice 1 • 11100101 to decimal • 10001110 to decimal • 11111000 to decimal • 11111111 to decimal

  6. Conversion Practice 2 • 192 to binary • 224 to binary • 47 to binary • 115 to binary

  7. IP Address Review- Class A • Range: • Default Subnet Mask: • Which octets are Network & Host? • How many hosts available? • Give an example IP & SM:

  8. Convert A • 5 to binary • 77 to binary • 100 to binary • 127 to binary • What’s in common with all of them?

  9. IP Address Review- Class B • Range: • Default Subnet Mask: • Which octets are Network & Host? • How many hosts available? • Give an example IP & SM:

  10. Convert B • 128 to binary • 142 to binary • 191 to binary • What’s in common here?

  11. IP Address Review- Class C • Range: • Default Subnet Mask: • Which octets are Network & Host? • How many hosts available, total & useable? • Give an example IP & SM:

  12. Convert C • 192 to binary • 200 to binary • 223 to binary • What’s common here?

  13. Other Classes • Class D • Multicasting • Class E • Experimental Use • Private Addresses • A- • B- • C-

  14. 9.2 Subnet masks

  15. Subnet Masks & slash • 255.255.255.0 • How many total bits are on? (1’s) • 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 • /24 notation • 255.255.0.0 • How many total bits are on? (1’s) • 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 • /16 notation • 255.255.255.248 • How many total bits are on? (1’s) • 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000 • /29 notation

  16. Routers, IP’s & Subnet Masks • Router ONLY knows which NETWORKS it is connected to!!! • Doesn’t care about individual hosts • It ANDs the IP & Subnet Mask • Result= DESTINATION NETWORK • Looks in routing table for destination network & sends it out the outgoing port

  17. ANDing

  18. 9.3 Classfulsubnetting

  19. Parts of the Network Network Hosts Subnetwork

  20. Subnetting-Split Up the IP address • Borrow bits from host portion to make new networks • Ask yourself… • How many networks do you need? • How many hosts per network are there?

  21. Some rules first… • You MUSTborrow at least 2 bits or leave at least 2 bits • Class C has 1 octet to borrow from • Class B has 2 octets to borrow from • Class A has 3 octets to borrow from • Remember the powers of 2 • 22= 4 • 23= 8 • 24= 16 • 25= 32 • 26= 64 Remember 2 you can’t use: Network & Broadcast

  22. 199.72.101.0

  23. 199.72.101.0 • 199.72.101.0-31 • .32-.63 (.33-.62) • .64-.95 (.65-.94) • .96-.127 (.97-.126) • .128-.159 (.129-.158) • .160-.191 (.161- .190) • .192-.223 (.191-.222) • .224-.255 • Total Range #3 • Useable Range #2 • Network ID • 199.72.101.64 /27 • Broadcast Address • 199.72.101.95 /27

  24. Assign Addresses

  25. Router…Action! • A packet with a destination IP of 199.72.101.85 255.255.255.224 goes to a router • It ANDs to come up with the NETWORK #

  26. How to Work Backwards • 221.17.125.46 /28 • What class address? • C: Only deal with the last octet! • 255.255.255.240 • 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000 • How many bits borrowed? • 4 • 24= 16 networks • How many bits left over? • 4 • 24= 16 hosts per sub-network

  27. Work Backwards • Based on the IP address & SM, identify… • The network address • The broadcast address • How many bits were borrowed • How many bits were left over • Is the address valid

  28. What’s Wrong? • Are the hosts on the same network or separate?

  29. Questions • What’s the broadcast address for 201.78.90.0 /24? • 201.78.90.255 • Default SM, no subnetting • Sam’s Beef Hut uses network 215.67.106.0 & 255.255.255.240 to create subnets. How many useable hosts can be created per network? • 14

  30. Questions • Which class gives you the most hosts/network? • A • Which class give you the most networks? • C • Public IP addresses must be __________.

  31. Classless Subnetting • CIDR • VLSM • You can subnet, for each unequal network • Your address is 210.1.17.64 /26 • Net A needs 37 hosts • Net B needs 15 hosts • Net C needs 100 hosts

  32. CIDR Block for Router • Instead of having multiple subnet entries for each router port, CIDR uses the common bits to make ONE routing table address per port.

  33. Review- 4q

  34. Review- 4q

  35. Review & study • Complete the study guide handout • Take the quiz on netacad.com • Jeopardy review

  36. summary In this chapter, you learned:

  37. Ipv4 subnetting Chapter 9a Intro to Routing & Switching

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