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Vehicle-Based Independent Tracking System (VBITS)

PROPRIETARY- Government Use Only INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS PRIVILEGED OR CONFIDENTIAL WITHIN THE MEANING OF 5 USC 552, AND AS SUCH IS EXEMPT FROM THE PUBLIC DISCLOSURE PROVISIONS THEREOF. SPACE INFORMATION LABORATORIES, INC. Vehicle-Based Independent

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Vehicle-Based Independent Tracking System (VBITS)

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  1. PROPRIETARY- Government Use Only INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS PRIVILEGED OR CONFIDENTIAL WITHIN THE MEANING OF 5 USC 552, AND AS SUCH IS EXEMPT FROM THE PUBLIC DISCLOSURE PROVISIONS THEREOF. SPACE INFORMATION LABORATORIES, INC. Vehicle-Based Independent Tracking System (VBITS) for Space Based Aircraft AutoAlert & Reporting System Presented To FAA 29 October 2001 Presented By: Edmund Burke, SIL, Inc. President and Edwin Rutkowski, Director R&D Patent #5,739,787 Issued 14 April 1998

  2. 1 BRIEFING OBJECTIVES • Introduce the VBITS Aircraft GPS-Based Telemetry, Tracking and Reporting System to the FAA R&D Engineering Community • Demonstrate that Early Introduction of the VBITS Technology Can Significantly Improve Oceanic and Enroute Aircraft Safety • Demonstrate that VBITS Can Significantly Improve the Ability to Immediately Identify, Track and Report Errant Aircraft

  3. 2 BRIEFING AGENDA • VBITS History and Development Focus • Free-Flight Focus Areas • Vehicle-Based Independent Tracking System Technical Overview and Features • Potential Technological Cross-Cutting VBITS Applications Beneficial to Air Traffic System (ATS) • Summation

  4. 3 NAS MISSION STATEMENT “THE NAS ARCHITECTURE SYNCHRONIZES THE ACTIVITIES NECESSARY FOR FIELDING A CAPABILITY TO PROVIDE BENEFITS AS EARLY AS IS AFFORDABLE UNDER CURRENT AND PROJECTED FUNDING”

  5. VBITS BENEFITS FOR AIRCRAFT 4 • Immediate Near-Term Benefits for ATS: • Introduction of Fully Self-Contained GPS Air-Satellite- • Ground Command Center Report and Tracking System • - Early Introduction to Up-To-Date Technology • - Maximizes Use of Existing SSR L-Band Receiving • Antenna Asset at ASR and ARSR for Aircraft Downlink • - Minimizes Integration Issues Aboard Aircraft Fleets • Increases Safety and Security for Oceanic and Enroute • Aircraft • - Increases Oceanic Safety by Real-Time Satellite • Relay of Aircraft Identification, Position, Altitude, • Speed, and Black-Box Equivalent Flight Data • Early Introduction of Flight Plan Monitoring Capability • Starting in 2002

  6. 5 FREE-FLIGHT FOCUS AREAS

  7. 6 FREE-FLIGHT FOCUS AREAS Near Term Areas of FAA Concern: • Oceanic and Enroute Surveillance Services • Wide-Area Augmentation System • Operational Evolution Plan Supports Identification and Early Introduction of New Technological Cross-Cutting Systems which Enhance Flight Safety and Operations

  8. 7 VEHICLE-BASED INDEPENDENT TRACKING SYSTEM TECHNICAL OVERVIEW

  9. 8 VBITS TECHNICAL OVERVIEW PATENT # 5,739,787 ISSUED 14 APRIL 1998 KEY CAPABILITIES OR ART ESTABLISHED: • “Real-Time On-Board Vehicle GPS/Telemetry Transmitter Link Capability with Programmable Microcontroller” • “Microcontroller/power switching system (44) performs data control and management functions with global positioning system receiver (28) via data/power umbilical line-a (30), inertial measurement unit (32) via data/power umbilical line-b (34), and array of mission specific environmental monitoring sensors (36) via data/power umbilical” • “Autonomous self-destruct capability, and a recoverable data storage device being available to provide backup data in the event of a non-nominal flight condition, including a high-G impact” • “Functionally adaptable to any said vehicle regardless of dimensions, weight, electrical and environmental characteristics”

  10. 9 VBITS TECHNICAL OVERVIEW TOP-LEVEL REQUIREMENTS: COMPACT MODULAR CONSTRUCTION CONSISTING OF COMMERCIAL OFF-THE-SHELF AND MIL-SPEC COMPONENTS • ADVANCED MICROCONTROLLER WITH 288Mb SS MEMORY • SPACE-QUALIFIED 12-CHANNEL GPS RECEIVER WITH 2-4 HIGH-GAIN MICROCONTROLLER SWITCHABLE ANTENNA • ACTIVE GPS/GLOBALSTAR or GPS/IRIDIUM PATCH ANTENNA ARRAY UNIVERSALLY MATEABLE TO ANY VEHICLE SIZE • 2-10 WATT TELEMETRY TRANSMITTERS –User Selectable • L-BAND TELEMETRY DOWNLINK TO SSR ANTENNA • L-BAND GLOBALSTAR/IRIDIUM SATELLITE DATA LINK • IMU OPTION (Independent or Aircraft Supplied) • ADVANCED 28VDC, 7.6 A-Hr Li-ION POLYMER BATTERY THAT IS RECHARGEABLE AND FAIL-SAFE

  11. 10 VBITS TECHNICAL OVERVIEW DESIGN APPROACH: • Manufacture a Standard Configuration that Can Support Aircraft, Rocket, Missile, and Shipboard Applications • Test Prototype for Worst-Case Rocket and Aircraft Environments (i.e. Shock, Vibration, Temperature Cycle, etc...) • Utilize Rugged Commercial Off-The-Shelf and Military-Spec Components to Shorten the Development, Test and DoD Certification Cycles • Use Self-Stacking Rugged Modular Design to Maximize Availability, Maintainability, Reliability, and... … Facilitate Product Improvements … Future User-Driven Enhancements

  12. 11 VBITS TECHNICAL OVERVIEW FULLY-INTEGRATED MODULAR UNIT WILL: • Require About 0.3 cubic-foot Volume • Not Exceed 15 pounds with Integral 28VDC 7.6 A-Hr Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Polymer Battery • Require Less than 50 Watts of Power • Provide Full EMI Shielding Against Interference and Emissions Rated at 85 dB Minimum from Frequencies of 10-100 MHz

  13. 12 VBITS TECHNICAL OVERVIEW MICRO-CONTROLLER PERFORMANCE CAPABILITIES: • 300 MHz (or greater) PENTIUM-Class cpu Module • PCI/ISA Bus with On-Board SVGA Interface • ARINC 429/575/573/591 Interface Compatible • Six UART DMA Configurable Communication Ports - RS-232, RS-422, RS-485 User-Selectable • 256 MB SDRAM • 288 MB Solid-State Flash Disk Memory (Expandable to 1 GB) • Eight Discrete Switches Each Supporting a 4-amp Load

  14. 13 VBITS INTEGRATED PROTOTYPE • VBITS Development Prototype Includes: • Space Qualified Ashtech G-12 Channel GPS Receiver • L3 5-Watt Telemetry Transmitter • GlobalStar 5-Watt Data Transmitter • Advanced Programmable Microcontroller with 288 Mb Solid-State Memory on Chip Capability • Universal GPS Rx/GlobalStar or GPS/Iridium Patch Antenna System • Microcontroller Power Management System • Lithium-Ion Polymer 28VDC, 7.6 A-Hr Battery PROPRIETARY- Government Use Only INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS PRIVILEGED OR CONFIDENTIAL WITHIN THE MEANING OF 5 USC 552, AND AS SUCH IS EXEMPT FROM THE PUBLIC DISCLOSURE PROVISIONS THEREOF.

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  16. 15 CROSS-CUTTING VBITS BENEFITS FOR ATS

  17. 16 CROSS-CUTTING VBITS BENEFITS FOR ATS POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS SUPPORTING FAA SAFE-FLIGHT TECHNOLOGY INITIATIVES: • Aircraft VBITS GPS Time, Position, Altitude and Speed Data (TPAS) Can Be Transmitted Seamlessly To FAA Regional and National ATM Centers • VBITS Programmable Microcontroller Allows Aircraft TPAS Data to be Formatted for Direct Ingest Into Existing and Future Prototype DSM Network Interfaces • Aircraft Trans-Oceanic Tracking and Reporting Requirement Immediately Available Using VBITS LEO Spaced-Based Satellite Resources

  18. 17 CROSS-CUTTING VBITS BENEFITS FOR ATS SIGNIFICANT FLIGHT DATA COMMUNICATION ENHANCEMENTS: • FAA Regional and National Control Centers Continue to Simultaneously Receive TPAS Data via the Space-Based Satellite Data Link in the Event Mode of SSR L-Band Ground Link Being Interrupted • Aircraft TPAS Data Can Be Transmitted via VBITS through Space- Based Satellite Data Link up to 120 times Faster(10 Hz) compared to the Radar Transponder System (0.083 Hz, SSR Antenna 5 RPM) • VBITS Data Stream Can Accommodate up to Three-Hundred 32-Bit Discrete-Data Element Wordssuch as FDAU Information at a 1 Hz Update Rate (9600 Baud) Using GlobalStar or Seventy-Five 32-Bit Discrete-Data Element Words through Iridium (2400 Baud)

  19. 18 CROSS-CUTTING VBITS BENEFITS FOR ATS VBITS DATA INTEGRITY • VBITS LEO Satellite Data Links Are Highly Resistant to Jamming or Intrusion by Assured Paths to Multiple Satellite Resources • VBITS Telemetry Data Stream Can Be Configured for Direct Ingest to ATCC Display Processors in Correct Engineering Units • VBITS Data Formatting Would Eliminate the Need for File Conversion

  20. VBITS Space-Based and Ground Range Data flow END-TO-END SOLUTION: Space-Based Range and Use of Standard Ground PCM Telemetry Systems for All High-Dynamic Rocket & Missile Tracking and Range Safety Applications. SIZE: ~0.3 cubic foot with battery POWER: <50 Watts with S-Band/Satellite TXs Performance: 15G, 1200m/sec Velocity, 15 G/S Jerk Space Qualified (Vacuum), -40C to 85C GPS Satellites Launch Control Center VBITS Remote Computer Setup and Test Universal GPS Rx/GlobalStar or Iridium/S-Band downlink patch antenna system. 120 deg. apart around Launch Vehicle Built in pre-amps and filter. Mateable to any rocket vehicle size. VBITS U N I T E D S-Band Downlink 2-10W User-Selectable Space-Based Range Uplink 5W Formats for Direct Ingest at all U.S. Test Ranges Semi-Autonomous / Full Autonomous Destruct Launch Vehicle Option S T A T E S Tx/Rx: 1610 - 1626 MHz (Iridium) Rx: 2485.5-2500 MHz (GlobalStar) 9600 baud exp. 56Kbaud, GlobalStar 2400 baud exp. 9.6kBaud, Iridium IMU(Optional) Litton LN-200 GlobalStar/Iridium Launch Vehicle Antenna VBITS DATA PCM/NRZL 2200-2300 MHz User-Selectable Ground S-Band TM Receiver Post-D data sent to Range Safety Center Note: Range TM systems are Standardized U.S. Range Safety Centers Vandenberg, NASA Wallops and Cape Canaveral . VBITS DATA DIRECT INGEST INTO SAFETY SOFTWARE 19

  21. VBITS Aircraft Link Data Flow END-TO-END SOLUTION: Space-Based Range and Use of Existing FAA Ground Infrastructure for All Aircraft; VBITS is a Cross-Cutting Technology Applied to Avionics-Surveillance-Communications Flight Data Acquisition Unit (FDAU) Black Box Data 20 SIZE: ~0.3 cubic foot with battery POWER: <50 Watts with L-Band/Satellite TXs Performance: 15G, 1200m/sec Velocity, 15 G/S Jerk Space Qualified (Vacuum), -40C to 85C Aircraft VBITS Remote Computer Setup and Test GPS Satellites Universal GPS Rx, GlobalStar/Iridium antenna system. Mount three 120 degree on tail surface of Aircraft. Built in pre-amps and filter; GPS L1 and/or L2. Mateable to any aircraft vehicle size; DC-powered thru RF cable. VBITS Space Based Range Uplink 5 Watts ARINC 429/ 575 / 573 / 717 Interfaces to FDAU and other aircraft equipment L-Band Data Link to SSR Antenna Tx/Rx: 1610-1626 MHz (Iridium) Rx: 2485.5-2500 MHz (GlobalStar) 9600 baud exp. 56K baud Data Link, GlobalStar 2400 baud exp. 9.6K baud Data Link, Iridium GlobalStar/Iridium Aircraft GlobalStar & Iridium TX/RX Antenna VBITS Aircraft Data Downlink Use existing L-Band SSR Ant. GlobalStar & Iridium Gateway Secure Internet IP Address. Packet Data ASR & ARSR Radars SSR Capability FAA Air Traffic Control Centers Regional & National . New ARTCC Format Use Existing Modems from ASR & ARSR VBITS DATA DIRECT INGEST INTO FAA SYSTEM

  22. VBITS Aircraft System Level Diagram Cross-Cutting FAA Aircraft Technology Applied to Navigation-Surveillance-Communication Universal GPS Rx, GlobalStar/Iridium and SSR TLM TX/RX ANTENNA Sensor Systems & AntCom, FAA Ant. Manufacturers Transceiver #1 Use SSR Antenna TM PCM DATA RS-485 FLIGHT TEST & CHECKOUT SYSTEM Pentium Computer 1030 to 1090 MHz Range Comm. EFG POSITION, ATTITUDE, VELOCITY, ALTITUDE, AIRCRAFT MONITORING SENSORS, BLACK BOX INFORMATION VBITS Checkout & Test TX Signal Strength, Dir. Coupler with Schottky Diode, Monitor by SIL Microcontroller DIPLEXOR 3/4 PATCH ANTENNA ARRAY ( 3 SPACED 120o , 1 in Z direction ) ARINC 473/575/573/591 *VBITS-GlobalStar or Iridium Option GPS RX Ashtech G-12HDMA or Navstrike GPS RXs. (RS-232/422) GlobalStar/Iridium Transceiver #2 1610-1626 MHz SIL MICRO- CONTROLLER ANTENNA SWITCH/ COMBINER 3 or 4 Port RS-232 GlobalStar 9.6 KBaud exp. 56KB Iridium 2.4 KBaud exp. 10KB SMA CON. 50 Ohm RS-232 RS-422 TX#1 TX#2 RF TEST ADAPTOR Aircraft Flight Data Acquisition Unit (FDAU) ARINC Interface Card 429/575/573/591 SIL WILL DEVELOP MICROCONTROLLER SOFTWARE MICROCONTROLLER FUNCTIONS FOR TEST MISSIONS: POWER SYS TURN ON/OFF: TX’S, GPS RX, IMU, Sensors, ANT., ETC. MOSFET SWITCHES SWITCHING REGULATOR 1. I/O INTERFACE CONTROL OF GPS RECEIVER & GlobalStar/Iridium MESSAGES. 2. DATA FORMATTING OF GPS RECEIVER, AIRCRAFT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SENSOR OUTPUT DATA FOR TRANSMISSION TO THE GROUND STATION. 3. CONNECTION TO AIRCRAFT FLIGHT DATA ACQ. UNIT (FDAU), ARINC CARD 4. POWER ON/OFF SWITCH FOR ALL INTERNAL VBITS COMPONENTS. 5. ACTIVE CONTROL AND MONITORING OF GPS RECEIVER & AIRCRAFT STATUS AND DATA PRIOR TO FLIGHT. FINAL TESTING & CHECKOUT. VBITS SYSTEM: ~0.3 cubic foot, <15 lbs. in weight and <50 Watts in Power. + 28 VDC, 7.6AH Lithium Polymer Battery 5 Vdc MICRO CONTROLLER 300MHz Processor 2 Serial Ports- RS232/422/485 Watchdog Timer Real-Time Clock SDRAM-128Mb Non-Volatile Conf. RS-232 ASHTECH GPS RX RS-422, S-BAND TRANSMITTER Disk on Chip 288MB Mem. SIL, INC. PROPRIETARY Patent # 5,739,787 RS-485 LN-200 IMU INTERFACE SIL Daughter Card 4 Serial Ports RS-232/422/485 11 Chan. A/D-12 Bit DM6852 Digital I/O 8 Mosfets-4ASink and 24 Digital I/O thru AT Bus RS-485 VBITS WINDOWS CHECKOUT/INTERFACE SOFTWARE SENSOR INPUTS 21

  23. 22 VBITS FDAU INTERFACE IMPROVED REAL-TIME FLIGHT DATA RELAY LINK • VBITS can be easily adapted to collect, store and transmit aircraft flight data in a 300 32-Bit word telemetry stream simultaneously transmitted at a 1 Hz rate (9600 baud) via RF direct line-of-sight (LOS) to low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellites and available ATCC’s • Examples of Relevant Data Elements Transmitted at a 1 Hz Rate • Flight Tracking Number • Errant Aircraft/Flight Emergency Alarm Indicator • Time, Position, Altitude and Speed Data • Engine Performance • Fuel Tank Levels • Flap/Aileron Position • Rudder Position • Flight Data Can Be Transmitted in a 300 32-bit word format at 1 Hz Rate for GlobalStar (9600 Baud) and 75 32-bit word format at 1 Hz for Iridium (2400 Baud)

  24. 23 VBITS INDUSTRY/GOVERNMENT TEAM Space Information Laboratories, Inc. Vandenberg AFB, CA Sensor Systems & AntCom FAA Antenna Manuf. ULTRALIFE BATTERIES Partnership Development California Trade & Commerce Agency California Space & Technology Alliance Partially funded VBITS Development $350K: 2000-2002 ---- --- VBITS Prototype Flight Hardware Development & Analysis Integration/Testing Range Interfaces & Requirements Definition Range Flight Test Vehicle Interface Definition Post-Flight Data Reduction Performance Evaluation Environmental Testing and Range Safety Certification Sensor Systems & AntCom Universal GPS Rx/GlobalStar or GPS RX/Iridium Active Patch Antenna System Development & Testing ULTRALIFE BATTERIES Lithium Polymer Battery Development 14.4VDC, 7.6 AHr Battery Charge/Discharge Circuitry Space Qualification of VBITS Using NASA or DoD Launch Vehicles NASA or DoD WSMR Sounding Rocket Tests of the VBITS Advanced Range Technology Prototype Development of the VBITS Universal GPS Rx/GlobalStar and GPS Rx/Iridium Active-Patch Antenna System Development of VBITS Autonomous- Destruct Software and National Range Direct Ingest Protocols

  25. 24 VBITS FLIGHT TEST OPPORTUNITIES • FAA Safe Flight Sponsored Cargo Aircraft Operations • in the Ohio Valley • NASA-Wallops VBITS Flight-Test on Sounding Rocket • DoD Coordinated Flight Tests Using VBITS as a • Secondary, Independent Flight Experiment at EAFB, • HAFB or NAS China Lake/Fallon • DoD Coordinated Flight Tests Using VBITS as a • Secondary, Independent Flight Experiment for Trans- • Oceanic Operations to Persian Gulf and the Indian • Ocean • DoD/NASA-Sponsored UAV Flight-Test Resources

  26. 25 VBITS YR 2002/2003 FLIGHT TEST OBJECTIVES • Verify VBITS Provides Accurate TPAS Data from Aircraft • or Rocket Under High Dynamic Flight Conditions • Demonstrate the Feasibility of an Aircraft-VBITS • - LEO GLOBALSTAR/IRIDIUM Satellite Uplink/Downlink • - FDAU and TPAS Data Sent to ARTCC via LEO Satellites • Establish Universal Aircraft VBITS GPS RX/GLOBALSTAR • TX/RX and GPS RX/IRIDIUM TX/RX Active-Patch Antenna • System Performance Capability. Plan to Test GPS RX/ • GLOBALSTAR Active-Patch Array 120-Degrees Apart on • Upcoming NASA-Wallops Sounding Rocket Flight or Other • Launch Vehicle of Opportunity

  27. 26 VBITS Development Team Near-Term Focus • OBTAIN FAA SUPPORT FOR: • USE OF VBITS AS A DEMONSTRATION CANDIDATE FOR AN • AVIATION FLIGHT TEST PROJECT EVALUATING SATELLITE • LINKS FOR REAL-TIME DATA RELAY OF TPAS INFORMATION • TO REGIONAL & NATIONAL CONTROL CENTERS • USE OF VBITS AS A DEMONSTRATION CANDIDATE FOR A TRANS- • OCEANIC TRACKING FLIGHT TEST PROJECT EVALUATING LEO SATELLITE TPAS DATA RELAY TO OCEANIC AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL CENTERS • USE OF VBITS AS A REDUNDANT, COMPLEMENTARY R&D EVALUATION TOOL IN ONGOING “SAFE FLIGHT 21” FLIGHT-TEST INITIATIVES • MONITORING VBITS DEVELOPMENT AND QUALIFICATION TESTS

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